Pulmonary V - Neoplasia
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| Most common cancer found in the lung | show 🗑
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| show | (1) multiple nodules (2) occurs bilaterally
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| Most common cause of cancer deaths in both sexes | show 🗑
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| (T or F) The incidence of lung cancer is rising in both males and females. | show 🗑
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| show | 60% are determined to have operable lesions, but only 8 to 15% are cured.
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| show | (1) Dimethyl nitrosamine (2) benzopyrene (3) arsenic
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| show | False. Passive smoking has harmful effect. It increases the incidence of developing lung cancer in non-smoker whose spouse smokes. Children raised in a household with smokers have increased incidence of respiratory illness and abnormal lung function.
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| Etiology of Lung Cancer | show 🗑
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| What is the relationship between asbestos exposure and cigarette smoking? | show 🗑
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| Location of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung | show 🗑
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| Type of primary lung tumor that appears as a hilar mass. 80% of the cases are male. Frequently results in necrosis and cavitation. Tumor is capable of PTH production resulting in hypercalcemia. | show 🗑
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| show | Adenocarcinoma of the lung
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| Location of Small cell (oat cell) Carcinoma of the lung | show 🗑
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| Type of primary lung tumor made of primitive neuroendocrine cells, typically not amenable to surgery and chemotherapy is the first line therapy. Has a very poor prognosis. Associated with ectopic hormone production and paraneoplastic syndromes. | show 🗑
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| Ectopic hormones produced by Small cell Carcinoma of the lung | show 🗑
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| Location of Large Cell Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Lung | show 🗑
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| Type of primary lung tumor that is an undifferentiated tumor that may have squamous or adenocarcinoma differentiation or a mixture of both. Neuroendocrine differentiation also occurs. Electron microscopy is necessary to distinguish these features. | show 🗑
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| show | Tumor typically occurs at the periphery
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| Type of primary lung tumor that is not associated with cigarette smoke/inhaled carcinogens. Can present as multifocal lesions or as a solitary lesion. | show 🗑
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| Characteristics of Mucinous subtype of Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma | show 🗑
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| show | Lesions are typically solitary. 5-year survival is 28-69%.
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| Location of Carcinoid tumor of the lung | show 🗑
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| show | Carcinoid tumor of the lung
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| Secretory Products of Carcinoid Tumors | show 🗑
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| Symptoms of Carcinoid Syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | False. Carcinoid syndrome only occurs when the tumor metastasizes (usually to the liver). Clinical disease due to vasoactive peptides/amines, and serotonin secreted by the tumor.
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| show | Pulmonary Hamartoma
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| show | Cytology from sputum samples, bronchial brushings/wash, fine needle aspiration. Transbronchial biopsy, mediastinosccopy or Scalene Lymph node biopsy, surgical resection (wedge<lobectomy<pneumonectomy)
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| show | Used to obtain cytology samples from centrally located lung tumors. Diagnostic yield is 79-90%
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| When is fine needle aspiration most useful for diagnosis of lung disease? | show 🗑
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| show | Tumor proven by the presence of malignant cells in bronchopulmonary secretions, but not visualized roentgenogrphically or bronchoscopically, or any tumor that cannot be assessed as in retreatment stages.
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| T0 staging of lung cancer | show 🗑
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| What is T stage would classify a recurrent lung carcinoma occurring after treatment? | show 🗑
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| TIS staging of lung cancer | show 🗑
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| T1 staging of lung cancer | show 🗑
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| show | Tumor size: >3.0 cm OR Any size tumor that either 1) invades the visceral pleura or 2) has associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis. At bronchoscopy, the proximal portion of the tumor must be w/in a lobar bronchus or >2.0 cm distal from carina.
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| show | 1) Any size tumor with direct extension into the chest wall, diaphragm, or mediastinal pleura or pericardium without involvement of the heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, or vertebral body OR 2) Tumor in the main bronchus within 2cm of the carina
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| T4 staging of lung cancer | show 🗑
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| N0 staging of lung cancer | show 🗑
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| show | Metastasis to lymph nodes of Peribronchial or ipsilateral hilar region or both, including direct extension.
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| N2 staging of lung cancer | show 🗑
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| N3 staging of lung cancer | show 🗑
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| show | 48%
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| show | 28%
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| show | 12%
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| 5 year survival rate for stage IV lung cancer | show 🗑
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| show | Cough, hemoptysis due to disruption of bronchial mucosa by endobronchial neoplasm. Stridor due to bronchial luminal narrowing. Post obstructive pneumonia/atelectasis due to bronchial luminal narrowing.
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| show | Typically asymptomatic until tumor becomes necrotic (fever or hemoptysis). Dyspnea when sufficient lung parenchyma is involved.
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| show | Pleuritic chest pain, intense bone or chest wall pain, dysphagia, hoarseness, CHF, SVC syndrome, Pancoast Syndrome
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| Superior Vena Cava Syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | Shoulder and arm pain and weakness due to involvement of c8 and t1 nerve roots. Also may have Horner’s syndrome if sympathetic chain is involved.
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| show | Ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis due to involvement of the cervical sympathetic plexus.
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| Common sites of Metastasis of Lung Cancer | show 🗑
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| Paraneoplastic syndromes of lung cancer | show 🗑
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