Clinic EmerencyFinal
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| Recording Temperatures | Your temp is highest in the evening and lowest in the morning or while sleeping
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| Normal temp reading | 98.6F
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| Febrile | with fever
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| Afebrile | without fever
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| Pyrexia | fever over 99.5F
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| Hyperthermia | fever about 105.8F
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| Hypothermia | fever below 96.0F
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| What is a normal paulse for an adult | 60-100beats/min
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| tachycardia | increased pulse over 100beats/min
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| bradycardia | decreases pulse below 50 beats/min
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| how to take a pulse | on the radial artery with the palm down, use three fingers and excert light pressure, count for one min
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| normal respiration | 14-20 per minute
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| Prolonged bleeding symptoms | spurting blood-artery, oozing blood-vein
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| Prolonged bleeding procedures | compression with gauze, elevate injury, pressure point pressure, if in shoke EMS
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| Bleeding from a tooth socket procedures | pack with gauze, and patient bites down, wet tea bag, dont rinse
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| Bleeding from an extremity | EMS, elevate, tourniquet only in severe cases, dont remove
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| Nose Bleed | seat patient upright, breath through mouth, cold application to nose, press on nostril, dont blow nose, wet cotton roll if needed
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| Hematoma from local anesthesia injection cause | nicking a vein or artery during injection, ex-Posterior superior alveolar nerve block is the most common
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| Procedure for a hematoma | digital pressure to the mucobuccal fold for at least 2 minutes, ice extra orally, take analgestic, heat after 24 hours, hematoma will be present for 7-14 days
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| Respiratory Failure symptoms | labored or weak respirations or cessation of breathing, pupils dilated, loss of consciousness
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| Respiratory Failure procedures | place patient flat on back, clear debris from mouth, rescue breathing
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| Rescue Breathing | adult- 2 breaths then one every 5 seconds
child- shallow breaths, 2 breaths then one every three seconds
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| Choking symptoms | ineffective or no cough, poor air exchange, gasping, unable to speak
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| Choking procedure | ask are they choking, place fist below sternum and pull in and up, if unconcious call EMS, try to remove debris, compressions, 2 breaths, check pulse
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| Asthma Attack symptoms | difficulty breathing, wheezing, chest pressure, sweating
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| Asthma attack procedure | EMS, put patient upright, bronchodilator, basic life support
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| Shock causes | sharp pain, needles, sight of blood, uncomfortable environment, severe infection, anxiety, hemorrhage, vomiting, inadequate fluid intake
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| Shock symptoms | moist skin, cold/ clammy, thirst (polydipsia), EVENTUAL unconciousness
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| Shock procedures | EMS, Trendelenburg position, open airway, keep warm, check vitals, do not give fluids
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| Anaphylactic shock is | an allergic rxn of the body to an overwhelming sensitization by a foreign protein
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| Anaphylactic shock symptoms | swelling,dysphagia (trouble swallowing), urticaria (wheals, itching), dypsnea (shortness of breath), cardiac arrest
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| Anaphylactic shock procedures | EMS, supine position, oxygen, Epi-Pen
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| Epinephrine.. | peripheral vasocontrictor, vasodilator to muscles, bronchial dilator. Also known as adrenaline
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| Whats a stroke | interruption of the blood supply to the brain
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| Cerebral thrombosis | blood clot in the brain
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| Intracerebral embolism | blood clot that has traveled from somewhere in the body to the brain
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| Ischemia | "little strokes" decreased blood flow to the brain
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| Cerebral hemorrhage | from a accident, aneurism, high BP, arteriosclerosis
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| Stroke symptoms | speech defects, hemiplegia (paralysis one side of the body, hemiparesis (slight or incomplete paralysis on one side of the body)
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| Stroke procedures | EMS, turn patient on paralyzed side, elevate head slightly, keep patient calm, O2 when needed, convulsion treatment, clear airway, CPR
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| Syncope symptoms | SUDDEN loss of consciousness,cold perspiration
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| syncope procedure | trendelenburg position, cold damp towel, crush ammonia vaporole under nose, then put in supine position, 24 hour recovery
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| Congenital heart disease | abnormalities in the anatomic structure of the heart due to development
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| Rheumatic heart disease | a complication of rheumatic fever
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| Mitral valve damage | regurgitation of the blood and back flow into the left atrium
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| Infective endocarditis | infection of the heart valves or endocardium
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| Hypertensive heart disease | increased load on the heart because of elevated artieral blood pressure
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| Ischemic heart disease | insufficient blood flow to the myocradium(heart muscle)
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| Atherosclerosis | formation of plaque(atheromas) in the arteries which is reversible
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| Arteriosclerosis | thickening, loss of elasticity and calcification of the artery wall
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| Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis | calcium deposits found in the media of arterial walls, not reversible
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| Angina Pectoris symptoms | sudden pain in the substernal area, crushing in chest
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| Angina pectoris procedures | place nitroglycerin tablet under tongue, which is a vasodilator, EMS if not relief
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| Ammonia | increases respiration
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| Myocardial Infarction | heart attack caused by coronary embolism or coronary thrombus (blood clot in heart), that casues coronary occlusion (coronary thrombosis)
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| Mycocardial infarction symptoms | sudden pain but in longer duration
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| Myocardial infarction procedures | EMS, keep patient up right, make patient comfortable
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| Congestive Heart Failure | the heart is no longer able to circulate the amount of blood required for the body
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| Congestive heart failure symptoms of the left side of the heart | back up of serous fluid into the lungs, dyspnea (cant breath), cough and expectoration, nocturia (excessive urination at night), diastolic BP increases
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| Congestive heart failure symptoms of the right side of the heart | systemic venous congestion with edema, swelling, prominent jugular veins
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| Congestive heart failure procedures | position patient up right, EMS
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| Sudden Death | clinical dealth that occurs within 24 hours after onset of symptoms
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| Cardiac Arrest Symptoms | no heart beat, no breathing
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| Cardiac arrest procedures | supine postion, EMS, check pulse, pulse = no breathing = rescue breath. no pulse = 30 cardiac compressions (100permin), 2 breaths, AED, push hard and fast, may need shock, continue till EMS arrive
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| Hypoglycemia/Insulin Rxn | too much insulin and too little food
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| Hypoglycemia symptoms | sudden onset, sweating, nervousness, anxiety, shallow respirations
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| HYpoglycemia procedures | conscious-give sugar cubes, apple juice
unconscious-EMS, supine position, cake icing inside vestibules, administer intramuscular glucagon
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| Diabetic Coma | too little insulin, to much food
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| Diabetic coma causes Type 1 | insulin production is decreased because of lack of insulin producing beta cells in pancreas
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| hyperglycemia | glucose increases in the circulating blood until the threshold is reached
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| glycosuria | the spilling over of sugar in the blood into the urine
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| polyuria | increases glycosuria induces osmotic diuresis with excretion of large amounts of urine
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| polydipsia | fluid loss signals excessive thirst to the brain
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| polyphagia | cells starving for glucose may cause the patient to increase food intake
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| Type 1 diabetes | ketones accumualte in the blood = acidic
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| Type 2 diabetes | receptors of cells are defective
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| Diabetic coma symptoms | slow onset, skin dry and flushed, dry mouth (polydipsia), fruity breath, rapid sighing
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| Diabetic coma procedures | EMS, fluids is conscious, insulin injection
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| Partial Seizure symptoms | involve only one part of the brain, cessation of activity, staring spell, jerking muscles, no loss of consciousness
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| Partial seizure procedures | assist patient to avoid injury
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| Complex partial seizure symptoms | trance few min to an hour, confusion, incoherent speech, temper
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| Generalized absence symptoms and procedure | attack ends as abruptly as it begins, 5 to 30 seconds, rhythmic twitching
-remove objects from patients hand
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| Generalized tonic clonic symptoms | tonic phase with clonic movements follow muscle contractions, loss of consciousnss, saliva is foay, last 1-3 min, bites tongue
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| Generalized tonic clonic procedure | place in supine position, open airway, prevent injury, place pillow under head, let patient sleep afterwards
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| Status Epilepticus | one or more seizures that last longer than 30 minutes
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| First degree burns | skin redden, swelling, pain
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| Second degree burns | skin reddens, blisters, swelling, wet surface, PAIN, sensitivity to touch
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| Third degree burns | severe damage, skin burned off, lethery look, insensitive
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| Procedures for first and second degree burns | EMS, do not give food or liquids, look for shock, put in cool water, clean with antiseptics, no ointment, dress lightly, elevate
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| Procedures for third degree burns | EMS, no not remove clothes, shock, maintain airway, cover loosely, elevate, no sedative, no food or liquids
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| Procedures for chemical burns of the oral mucosa | flush with water for 30 minutes, rinse wit bicarbonate soda if acid and ammonia with water if basic, bland diet
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| Symptoms of internal chemical burn | nausea, vomiting, cramps, corrsive burns, empty container
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| Procedures for internal chemical burn | EMS, poison control, do not give wter milk or ipecac, do not induce vomiting
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| Foreign body in eye symptoms and procedures | tearing, blinking -
wash hands, reglove, pull upper eye lid over lower, remove particle with moist cotten roll, use eye wash station
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| Chemical solution in eye | tears, stinging -
irrigate with lots of water for 15-20 minutes
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| Dislocated Jaw | patient cant close mouth, hot wet compress out side of jaw, chloromethane spray outside and inside jaw, stand in front of patient, place thumbs on occlusal surface and push down and back and remove fingers fast, bandage head to support jaw
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| Facial Fracture symptoms | ecchymosis (diffusion of blood into tisssue spaces), crepitus, depression of cheek, abormal occlusion
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| Facial fracture procedures | EMS, place patient on side, bandage around face
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| Tooth forcibly avulsed symptoms/ procedures | swelling, bruising -
avoid touching root, rinse gently, place in milk or moist cloth, you havve 30 minutes to get to a dentist
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| flow of oxygen | 2-3 low, 4-7 moderate, 8-10 high
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| emphysema | small amounts of oxygen
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