Iron Metabolism/Iron Disorders
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| Primary storage location of iron in the body | show 🗑
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| Components and function of Ferritin | show 🗑
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| Components and function of Hemosiderin | show 🗑
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| Ferritin not combined with iron | show 🗑
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| show | True.
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| show | A iron transport molecule that binds 2 Fe atoms.
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| show | (1) Liver (2) Macrophages
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| show | Ferrous oxide (Fe+++)
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| show | Transferrin receptor binds 2 transferrins. The receptor-tranferrin-iron complex is endocytosed. The endocytotic vacuole fuses with a lysozyme, where at an acid pH, tranferrin releases iron as ferrous form. The iron is transported to mitochondria.
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| Dietary forms of iron | show 🗑
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| (T or F) Heme iron (animal source) is better absorbed than non-heme iron (vegetable source). | show 🗑
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| Portion of the intestine that absorps iron | show 🗑
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| How is dietary heme transported across an enterocyte? | show 🗑
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| show | Heme oxygenase
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| How is non-heme iron or ferric iron transported across an enterocyte? | show 🗑
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| How does absorbed dietary iron get transported across the basolateral membrane of an enterocyte? | show 🗑
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| Where is hepcidin manufactred? | show 🗑
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| Function of hepcidin | show 🗑
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| How does low plasma iron affect hepcidin synthesis and iron homeostasis? | show 🗑
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| How does high plasma iron affect hepcidin synthesis and iron homeostasis? | show 🗑
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| Enzyme found in macrophages that catabolize heme and release ferrous iron from phagocytized erythrocytes | show 🗑
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| show | Ceruloplasmin
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| show | Phagocytosis of aged erythrocytes and flawed immature red cells accounts for almost all of the sotrage iron found in the macrophages of the liver, bone marrow, and spleen.
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| show | Begins in the mitochondria with elemental sulphur, the cofactor pryridoxal-5-phosphate and a scaffold protein. 2 iron atoms are added to the [Fe-S] cluster and form a single [2Fe-2S] cluster. 2 [2Fe-2S] clusters form a [4Fe-4S]
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| show | Iron Regulatory Proteins (IRP-1 and IRP-2) are cytoplasmic RNA binding [Fe-S] cluster proteins. They control translation of ferritin and transferrin receptor synthesis by binding to iron-responsive elements (IRE) in RNA.
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| What is the difference between IRP-1 and IRP-2 (iron regulatory proteins)? | show 🗑
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| Describe the effects of IRP-1 (iron regulatory proteins) on transferrin receptor (TfR1) syntehsis in the setting of high cellular iron. | show 🗑
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| show | High cellular iron allows [4Fe-4S] cluster formation in IRP-1 (low affinity) which binds to the 5'-IRE of ferritin mRNA, allowing translation into ferritin.
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| Describe the effects of IRP-1 (iron regulatory proteins) on transferrin receptor (TfR1) syntehsis in the setting of low cellular iron. | show 🗑
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| Describe the effects of IRP-1 (iron regulatory proteins) on ferritin syntehsis in the setting of low cellular iron. | show 🗑
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| show | (1) Pregnancy (2) Periods of rapid growth (3) Blood loss due to heavy menstural bleeding (4) Blood loss due to internal bleeding
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| Signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia | show 🗑
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| show | Iron deficiency anemia
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| show | Iron deficiency anemia
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| What is the measurement of all iron bound to tranferrin in the body? | show 🗑
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| show | Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)
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| What approximates the amount of tranferrin in the body? | show 🗑
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| show | Serum iron (SI) divided by the Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)
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| show | 25-45%
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| What is the soluble transferrin receptor? | show 🗑
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| MCV and MCHC of microcytic and hypochromic anemia | show 🗑
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| show | Inadequate synthesis of hemoglobin
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| show | Anemia of inflammation or anemia of chronic diseaese
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| show | Low serum iron, normal or low transferrin, low transferrin saturation, and high serum ferritin
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| Effect of anemia of inflammation on hepcidin | show 🗑
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| Pathogenesis of Anemia of Inflammation | show 🗑
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| Pathogenesis of anemia of renal failure | show 🗑
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| show | Normocytic-normochromic
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| Pathogenesis of the hereditary form of sideroblastic anemia | show 🗑
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| Microscopic characteristics of red blood cells in anemia of renal failure | show 🗑
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| show | The incorporation of iron into heme is defective. May be acquired or hereditary.
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| Treatment for hereditary sideroblastic anemia | show 🗑
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| Morphologic characteristics of red blood cells in sideroblastic anemia | show 🗑
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| Effects on transferrin in sideroblastic anemia | show 🗑
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| show | Serum LDH is increased indicative of ineffective erythropoiesis.
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| show | Acquired sideroblastic anemia
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| show | Acquired sideroblastic anemia
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| show | Lead inhibits delta-ALA dehydratase, coproporhyrinogen oxidase, and ferrochelatase important for heme synthesis and incorporation of iron. Coproporphyrin and ALA spill into the urine.
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| Inheritance pattern of Hereditary Hemochromatosis | show 🗑
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| Gender predilection of hereditary hemochromatosis | show 🗑
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| show | Mutation of HFE gene
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| What is HFE? | show 🗑
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| show | HFE gene mutation
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| show | HJV gene that codes for hemojuvelin
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| show | HAMP gene that codes for Hepcidin
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| What genetic mutation is associated with Hemochromatosis Type 3? | show 🗑
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| What genetic mutation is associated with Hemochromatosis Type 4? | show 🗑
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| What are the two major types of HFE mutations associated with Hemochromatosis Type 1? | show 🗑
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| What are the recommendations for individuals homozygous for the Cys28Tyr mutation? | show 🗑
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| A disorder associated with hemojuvelin mutation that causes iron accumulation at an early age (age 15-30yrs). Associated clinical findings include diabetes, impotence, amenorrhea, infertility, and cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. | show 🗑
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| show | Neonatal hemochromatosis
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| show | Aceruloplasminemia
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| show | (1) Repeated blood transfusionn (2) Ingestion of excessive amounts of dietary or supplmentary iron. Individuals with certain anemias, thalassemia, and siderblastic anemia, or porphyria cutanea tarda are at risk for secondary iron overload.
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