Abnormal Psych Chapter 2
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| show | A set of assumptions and concepts that help scientists explain and interpret observations
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| Biological Theorists | show 🗑
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| show | Nerve Cells; large groups form brain regions
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| show | Support cells
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| show | Towards top of head; includes the cortex, corpus callosum, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and amygdala
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| show | Outer layer of the brain
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| show | Connects the brain's 2 cerebral hemispheres
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| show | plays a crucial role in planning and producing movement
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| show | helps control emotions and memory
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| Amygdala | show 🗑
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| show | disorder marked by violents emotional outbursts, memory loss, suicidal thinking, involuntary body movements, and absurd beliefs; traced to loss of cells in the basal ganglia
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| show | List the parts involved in sending a chemical message
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| show | Depression has been linked to low levels of _______ and __________
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| Growth, reproduction, sexual activity, heart rate, body temp, energy, and responses to stress | show 🗑
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| Adrenal, cortisol, cortisol | show 🗑
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| show | 3 reasons some people have brain structures or biochem. activities that differ from the norm:
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| show | segments that control the characteristics and traits a person inherits
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| Schizophrenia | show 🗑
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| drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery | show 🗑
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| Psychotropic medications | show 🗑
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| Antianxiety drugs (minor tranquilizers/anxiolytics); Antidepressant, Antibipolar (mood stabilizers); Antipsychotic Drugs | show 🗑
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| show | Help reduce the confusion, hallucinations, and delusions of psychotic disorders: disorders marked by a loss of contact with reality
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| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), seizure, 7, 9 | show 🗑
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| Seem to expect that all human behavior can be explained in bio terms and treated w/ bio methods which can limit our understanding of abnorm. functioning; treatments can produce significant undesirable effects | show 🗑
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| show | Theorists believe that a person's behavior is determined largely by underlying psychological (interacting) forces of which he or she is not consciously aware
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| show | In the psychodynamic model, what gives rise to behavior, thoughts, and emotions?
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| Psychodynamic Theorists | show 🗑
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| show | Part of the unconscious that denotes instinctual needs, drives, and impulses; operates in accordance with the pleasure principle; Freud
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| Libido | show 🗑
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| show | separates off of the id; unconsciously seeks gratification in accordance with reality principle; guides us to know when we can or can't express those impulses
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| show | the knowledge that we acquire through experience that it can be unacceptable to express our id impulses outright
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| show | Ego developes basic strategies called, ____ ________ _______, to control unacceptable id impulses and avoid or reduce the anxiety they arouse
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| show | grows from the ego; makes of the conscious
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| show | According to the _______ model, a healthy personality is one in which an effective working relationship, an acceptable compromise, has formed among the 3 forces
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| oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital | show 🗑
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| Ego theory, self theory, and object relations theory | show 🗑
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| show | Psychodynamic theorists that emphasize the role of the ego and consider it a more independent and powerful force than Freud did.
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| Self Theorists | show 🗑
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| show | Psychodynamic theorists that propose that people are motivated mainly by a need to have relationships w/ others and that severe problems in the relationships b/w children and their caregivers may lead to abnorm development
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| show | 4 Psychodynamic Therapy Techniques:
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| show | Therapy technique in which the therapist tells the patient to describe any thought, feeling, or image that comes to mind, even if it seems unimportant; associations will eventually uncover unconscious evens
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| show | Interpretations of 3 phenomena: _____, ______, and ______ that are particularly important in psychodynamic therapy
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| show | an unconscious refusal to participate fully in therapy; when they suddenly cannot free associate or when they change a subject to avoid a discussion
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| show | when patient's act and feel toward the therapist as they did or do toward important persons in their lives, especially parents, siblings, and spouses
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| show | Why are dreams an important part of psychodynamic therapy?
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| show | 2 Kinds of dream content (Psychodynamic Model)
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| Catharsis | show 🗑
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| show | In psychodynamic therapy: patient and therapist must examine the same issues over and over in the course of many sessions, each time with greater clarity
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| Short-term Psychodynamic therapies and relational psychoanalytic therapy | show 🗑
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| show | Psychodynamic therapy in which patient chooses a single problem (dynamic focus) to work on; therapist and patient focus on that problem throughout treatment and work only on psychodynamic issues that relate to it
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| show | Psychodyn therapy: argues that therapists are key figures in the lives of patients whose reactions & beliefs should be included in therapy; therapists should not keep things to themselves & should try to establish equal relationships w/ patients
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| Concepts hard to research; no way to know if the processes are occurring | show 🗑
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| show | Pro's of the psychodynamic model:
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| Behavioral Model | show 🗑
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| show | In the Behavioral Model: behaviors can be _____ (such as going to work) or ________ (having a feeling or thought)
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| Principles of Learning | show 🗑
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| show | 3 forms of conditioning
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| show | aims to identify behaviors that are causing a person's problems and then tries to replace them with more appropriate ones by applying the principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or modeling
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| show | behavioral therapy method in which clients learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear to the objects or situations they dread; First learn relaxation techniques, then construct fear hierarchy, then confront while relaxed
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| It can be tested/observed/measures; can be helpful to people with specific fears, compulsive behavior, social deficits, mental retardation, etc. | show 🗑
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| Behavioral Model | show 🗑
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| external, internal | show 🗑
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| Principles of Learning | show 🗑
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| show | 3 forms of conditioning
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| show | aims to identify behaviors that are causing a person's problems and then tries to replace them with more appropriate ones by applying the principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or modeling
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| show | behavioral therapy method in which clients learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear to the objects or situations they dread; First learn relaxation techniques, then construct fear hierarchy, then confront while relaxed
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| show | Pro's of the behavioral model
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| show | Con's of the behavioral model:
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| Cognitive abilities | show 🗑
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| show | Proposed that cognitive processes are at the center of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions and that we can best understand abnorm functioning by looking to cognition
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| show | Abnorm functioning can result from assumptions and adopted attitudes that are disturbing/inaccurate and illogical thinking processes such as overgeneralization
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| show | Therapists believe people w/ psychological disorders can overcome their problems by developing new, more functional ways of thinking
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| Cognitive Therapy | show 🗑
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| show | Pro's of the Cognitive Model
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| Precise role of cognitive processes has yet to be determined; they do not help everyone (cog. changes not always possible to achieve); it is narrow (only one part of human functioning) | show 🗑
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| show | therapy that helps clients to accept many of their problematic thoughts rather than judge them, act on them, or try to change them; by recogniz. the thoughts as just thoughts, clients will be able to let them pass w/o being troubled by them
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| Humanists | show 🗑
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| Self-Actualize | show 🗑
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| show | Humanists suggest that ___ ______ leads naturally to a concern for the welfare of others and to behavior that is loving, courageous, spontaneous, and independent
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| Existentialists | show 🗑
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| Humanists (the more positive) believe we are born w/ a natural tendency to be friendly, cooperative, and constructive; Existentialists believe we can choose at birth to face up to responsibilities or hide from them. | show 🗑
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| Carl Rogers | show 🗑
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| show | Carl Rogers believes road to dysfunction begins in ____, we all have a basic need for ____ regard; those who develop unconditional positive regard are likely to develop ____ ___ ___; Children who do not feel they are worthy develop ____ of _____
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| Conditions of worth | show 🗑
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| show | therapy that tries to create a supportive climate in which clients feel able to look at themselves honestly and acceptingly
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| show | In client-centered therapy, therapist must display 3 important qualities:
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| Has not done well in research | show 🗑
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| one of the 1st major alternatives to psychodynamic therapy, helped open up clinical field to new approaches, helped pave the way for psychologists to practice psychotherapy instead of just psychiatrists | show 🗑
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| show | humanistic approach; developed by Frederick Perls; guide clients toward self-recognition and self-acceptance by frustrating and challenging clients
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| skillful frustration, role playing, and roles&exercises | show 🗑
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| Skillful frustration | show 🗑
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| show | therapy technique in which the client acts out another role; experience may help clients accept feelings that previously made them uncomfortable
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| Existential therapy | show 🗑
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| issues are difficult to research; have traditionally rejected the use of empirical research | show 🗑
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| show | The sociocultural model consists of 2 perspectives:
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| Family-social perspective | show 🗑
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| Family systems theory | show 🗑
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| show | ______ structure:members are grossly overinvolved in each other's activities, thoughts, and feelings
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| Disengaged | show 🗑
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| group therapy, family and couple therapy, and community treatment | show 🗑
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| show | type of therapy in which a therapist meets w/ a group of clients who have similar problems and develop important insights, build social skills, strengthen feelings of self-worth, and share useful info/advice
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| show | The difference between a self-help group/mutual help group and group therapy
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| show | therapist meets w/ all members of a family, points out problem behaviors and interactions, and helps the whole family to change its ways
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| show | Family systems approach in which therapists try to change the family power structure, the roles each person plays, and the relationships b/w members
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| conjiont family therapy | show 🗑
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| show | therapy that helps partners accept behaviors that they cannot change and embrace the whole relationship nevertheless
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| Behavioral couple therapy | show 🗑
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| Community mental health treatment | show 🗑
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| show | John F. Kennedy's approach for the treatment of mental disorders
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| show | consists of efforts to improve community attitudes and policies; goal:to help prevent psychological disorders
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| show | consists of identifying and treating psychological disorders in the early stages before they become serious; workers may work with teachers, ministers, or police to help them recognize warning signs of early abnorm. development
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| Tertiary Prevention | show 🗑
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| Multicultural Perspective | show 🗑
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| greater sensitivity to cultural issues and inclusion of cultural morals and models in treatment | show 🗑
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| Culture-sensitive therapies | show 🗑
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| treatment formats offered sometimes succeed where traditional approaches have failed | show 🗑
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| show | Con's of the sociocultural model
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