WillWallace PFT's
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| TLC Normal | show 🗑
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| VT Normal | show 🗑
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| show | vital capacity 4800
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| show | residual volume 1200
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| Volumes that cannot be directly measured in a PFT | show 🗑
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| Tests used for RV, FRC, and TLC | show 🗑
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| PFT Equipment for measuring volume | show 🗑
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| Infection Control in PFT's | show 🗑
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| Why PFT's | show 🗑
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| Patient instructions for FVC | show 🗑
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| show | since ATPS can be 5 to 15% different that BTPS, adjustments must be made or test will be invalid.
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| FEV1 | show 🗑
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| show | forced exp volume in 2 seconds, normal is 4.6L
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| show | forced exp volume in 3 seconds 4.8L
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| PEFR | show 🗑
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| show | forced exp press between 200 and 1200, normal 8.5ml/second, measures large airway flow
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| show | forced exp flow between 25 and 75, normal is 4.5L/second, measures small airways
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| show | Residual Volume, normal 1200, like the FRC & TLC it cannot be directly measured. alternative tests are, 1.Body box 2. Helium dilution 3. Nitrogen washout
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| show | best method to measure RV, uses Boyles Law to calc RV, larger values because more accurate information
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| show | hemoptysis, pneumothorax, cardio problems, thoracic, abdominal or cerebral aneurysm, recent eye surgery, acute disease that may cause nausea or vomiting, recent ab or chest surgery
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| FVC Validity/Reliability | show 🗑
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| show | Max voluntary ventilation, normal is 160L/min, tested with Spirogram, fast and hard for at least 12 seconds, 2x-use best results, tests for strength of muscles, flow and capacity, tested pre-op/ make sure patient can get of vent post op
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| show | normal 80 - 120, moderate 50-64, very severe <35
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| show | check FEV1 & FEV1%
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| Restrictive Severity | show 🗑
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| show | Diffusion of Lung Carbon Monoxide, normal is 40ml/min/mmHg, 0.3%CO & 10% He in air held in a single breath for 10 seconds.
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| show | ↓ volumes & capacities, affects lung parenchyma and thoracic pump, ↓ inspiration, ↓CL, more vertical slope on PFT tracing than obstructive, restriction+diffusion=fibrosis
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| show | ↓ Flows, ↑ CL, flatter curve on PFT tracing, affects airways, obstruction+diffusion=emphysema
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| show | Forced Vital Capacity, normal is 480 ml
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| show | FEV1/FVC, normal is 75 to 85 % (<70%=obstruction)
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| show | VC is normally 80% of TLC
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| show | height, age, gender, ethnicity, sometimes for extreme weight and altitude (may be reduced 12 to 15 % for non-white)
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| FVC Tracings | show 🗑
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| show | ↓ DLCO is associated with emphysema , Fibrosis, restrictive diseases, carbohemoglobin polycythemia, CHF, anemia, pulm embolism, exercise
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| show | FEF200-1200, normal is 8.5 L/sec, <80%=large airway disease. FEF25-75, normal is 4.5 L/sec,<80%=small airway disease. (FRC or RV >120%=airtrapping)
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| show | Patient efforts insures validity and reliability of tests. Tests that are not valid or reliable, can lead to misdiagnoses, mistreatments and poor outcomes
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| show | before and after treatment studies, FEV1 >15% indicates effective treatments
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| PFT categories (test types) | show 🗑
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| show | open circuit (non-re breather), exhaled gas measured for N2, Patient breaths until little N2 remains, 2-5 mins normal, COPD longer (perforated ear drum will scew test)
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| Helium Dilution test | show 🗑
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| Fibrosis | show 🗑
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| bronchoprovocation testing | show 🗑
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