Joints and Bone Characteristics
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| show | study of motion or human movement
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| Anatomic kinesiology | show 🗑
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| show | application of mechanical physics to human motion
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| show | study of muscles as they are involved in science of movement
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| show | Anatomical position : standing upright, facing forward, feet parallel and close, and palms facing forward
Fundamental: same except arms are at sides and palms facing the body
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| show | Front
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| Posterior | show 🗑
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| Inferior | show 🗑
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| Superior | show 🗑
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| posterolateral | show 🗑
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| anteromedial | show 🗑
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| contralateral | show 🗑
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| show | on the same side
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| show | relating to the left and right sides of the body
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| distal | show 🗑
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| show | nearest the body
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| lateral | show 🗑
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| show | below in relation to another structure; inferior
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| show | above in relation to another structure; superior
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| show | beneath or below the surface - used to describe muscles/tissue location
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| superficial | show 🗑
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| show | the body lying face downward; on one's stomach
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| show | body lying facing upward; lying on one's back
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| show | relating to the back; being located near, on or towards the posterior part
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| show | relating to the belly or abdomen
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| volar | show 🗑
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| show | relating to the sole or undersurface of the foot
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| axial (3 parts) | show 🗑
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| appendicular | show 🗑
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| show | divides body into left and right halves
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| show | divides the body into front and back halves
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| show | divides body into top and bottom half
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| coronal axis | show 🗑
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| anteroposterior axis | show 🗑
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| show | flexion/extension
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| show | abduction/adduction
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| vertical axis | show 🗑
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| show | internal/external rotation
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| show | 206
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| show | 80 axial bones, 126 appendicular bones
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| show | 1. Protection of the heart, lungs, organs
2. Support to maintain posture
3. Movement by serving as points of attachment for muscles
4. mineral storage (calcium/phosphorus)
5. hemopoiesis - process of blood cell formation in red blood marrow
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| show | long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
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| show | long bones
ex. phalanges, metacarpals, tibia, fibula, femur, radius, ulna
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| show | Short bones
ex. carpals and tarsals
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| Which bones usually have a curved surface? | show 🗑
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| show | entire spine, pubis, and maxilla
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| show | sesamoid bones
ex. patella
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| show | long cylindrical shaft of bone
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| cortex | show 🗑
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| show | dense, fibrous membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis
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| endosteum | show 🗑
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| medullary cavity | show 🗑
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| epiphysis | show 🗑
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| show | growth plate - thin plate of cartilage that separates diaphysis and epiphyses
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| articular cartilage | show 🗑
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| endochondral bones | show 🗑
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| when does longitudinal growth stop? | show 🗑
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| osteoblasts | show 🗑
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| show | "clean up crew" - break down/resorb old bones
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| show | 60-70% bone weight - calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
25-30% water
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| What is the point of collagen? | show 🗑
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| show | aging
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| What is most outer bone made up of? | show 🗑
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| show | cancellous/spongy
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| Bones reshape themselves based upon what? | show 🗑
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| show | increased stress
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| show | Cortical is stiffer, but Cancellous can undergo greater strength
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| What are the two main types of bone markings? | show 🗑
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| Articulation | show 🗑
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| What are the 3 major classifications of joints? | show 🗑
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| show | immovable joint (ex. skull sutures)
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| show | two bones joined together by a strong ligament or an interosseus membrane that allows minimal movement between the bones
ex. tibiofibular joint
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| ampiarthrodial joint | show 🗑
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| show | joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows slight movement between the bones (ribs)
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| symphysis | show 🗑
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| diarthrodial joints | show 🗑
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| how many planes of motion do diarthrodial joints have motion in | show 🗑
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| arthrodial joints | show 🗑
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| show | hinge joint; uniaxial articulation. only motion in one plane (ex. knee, elbow)
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| trochoid joint | show 🗑
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| condyloid joint | show 🗑
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| enarthrodial joint | show 🗑
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| motions of the enarthrodial joints | show 🗑
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| motions of the condyloid joint | show 🗑
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| motions of the arthrodial joint | show 🗑
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| show | saddle joint; triaxial joint, two repciprically concave and convex articular surfaces
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| show | Flexion, extension, adduction & abduction, circumduction & slight rotation
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| physiological movements | show 🗑
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| show | spin, glide, & roll
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| spin | show 🗑
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| show | a series of points on one articular surface contacts with a series of points on another articular surface
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| glide | show 🗑
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| show | no, unless by joint compression or distraction
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| show | glide and roll
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