#cgrigorieffap
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| show | the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
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| Structuralism | show 🗑
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| Functionalism | show 🗑
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| Level of Analysis | show 🗑
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| show | a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment
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| Illusory Correlation | show 🗑
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| show | a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
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| Amygdala | show 🗑
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| Aphasia | show 🗑
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| show | areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking
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| show | the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
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| show | controls language expression -- an area, usually in the left frontal lobe, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech
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| show | the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center
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| Dual Processing | show 🗑
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| show | the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
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| Endorphins | show 🗑
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| show | a technique for revealing bloodflow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function
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| show | the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; segments of DNA capable of synthesizing protein
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| show | the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes
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| show | cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons
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| show | the proportion of variation among individuals that we attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied
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| show | doughnut-shaped neural system (including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheresl associated with emotions and drives
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| show | a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy
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| Medulla | show 🗑
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| Molecular Genetics | show 🗑
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| Motor Cortex | show 🗑
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| Motor Neurons | show 🗑
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| show | a random error in gene replication that leads to a change
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| Neurogenesis | show 🗑
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| Parasympathetic Nervous System | show 🗑
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| show | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body
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| Pituitary Gland | show 🗑
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| show | a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
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| show | a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
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| show | area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
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| Sensory Neurons | show 🗑
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| show | the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
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| Split Brain | show 🗑
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| Sympathetic Nervous System | show 🗑
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| show | the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
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| show | controls language reception -- a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe
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| show | the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time
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| Accommodation | show 🗑
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| show | the sense or act of hearing
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| Cochlear Implant | show 🗑
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| show | hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea
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| Cones | show 🗑
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| show | the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time
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| show | nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of a stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement
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| show | the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster
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| show | the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
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| show | the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch
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| show | the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain
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| show | an organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
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| Grouping | show 🗑
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| show | the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green, etc
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| show | failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
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| Inner Ear | show 🗑
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| show | the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude
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| Kinesthesis | show 🗑
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| Lens | show 🗑
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| Middle Ear | show 🗑
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| Monocular Cues | show 🗑
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| Opponent-Processing Theory | show 🗑
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| Optic Nerve | show 🗑
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| Parallel Processing | show 🗑
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| show | the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events
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| Perceptual Set | show 🗑
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| Phi Phenomenon | show 🗑
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| Pitch | show 🗑
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| show | the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated
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| Priming | show 🗑
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| show | the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them
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| show | the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
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| show | the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
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| Retinal Disparity | show 🗑
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| Rods | show 🗑
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| Sensation | show 🗑
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| show | hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness
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| show | below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness
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| show | the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance
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| show | the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next
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| show | the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must duffer by a constant percentage
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| Young-Hemholtz Trichromatic Processing Theory | show 🗑
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| Amphetamines | show 🗑
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| Barbiturates | show 🗑
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| Delta Waves | show 🗑
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| Ecstasy (MDMA) | show 🗑
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| show | false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
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| show | a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid
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| show | a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels
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| NREM Sleep | show 🗑
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| Opiates | show 🗑
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| Posthypnotic Suggestion | show 🗑
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| show | a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
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| show | the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)
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| Sleep Apnea | show 🗑
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| show | drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
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| THC | show 🗑
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| Acquisition | show 🗑
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| show | learning that certain events occur together
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| Biofeedback | show 🗑
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| Discriminative Stimulus | show 🗑
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| Fixed-Interval Schedule | show 🗑
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| Fixed-Ratio Schedule | show 🗑
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| Higher-Order Conditioning | show 🗑
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| Law of Effect | show 🗑
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| Mirror Neurons | show 🗑
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| Prosocial Behavior | show 🗑
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| Variable-Interval Schedule | show 🗑
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| show | in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable number of responses
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| Acoustic Encoding | show 🗑
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| Automatic Processing | show 🗑
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| Effortful Processing | show 🗑
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| show | memory of facts and experiences that one and consciously know and "declare"
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| Hippocampus | show 🗑
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| Implicit Memory | show 🗑
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| Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) | show 🗑
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| Priming | show 🗑
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| Adaptation-Level Phenomenon | show 🗑
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| Anorexia Nervosa | show 🗑
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| Basal Metabolic Rate | show 🗑
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| Behavioral Medicine | show 🗑
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| Binge-Eating Disorder | show 🗑
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| show | an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
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| Cannon-Bard Theory | show 🗑
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| show | emotional release. The catharsis hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges
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| show | the idea that physiological need creates an aroused tension (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
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| show | Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases -- alarm, resistance, exhaustion
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| show | the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and performs the major source of energy for body tissues. When the level is low, we feel hunger
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| Homeostasis | show 🗑
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| show | the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli
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| show | the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system. B form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections. T form in the thymus and lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, and viruses
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| show | the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
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| show | the perception that we are worse off relative to those whom we compare ourselves
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| show | the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal
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| Type A | show 🗑
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| show | Friendman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people
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| show | adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information
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| show | interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
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| Concrete Operational Stage | show 🗑
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| show | the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain despite changes in the forms of objects
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| show | a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another
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| show | the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month
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| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) | show 🗑
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| show | the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth
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| Formal Operational Stage | show 🗑
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| show | decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation
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| show | research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
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| show | in Piaget's theory, the stage (2-7 years) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
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| show | a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
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| Social Learning Theory | show 🗑
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| Theory of Mind | show 🗑
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| show | the fertilized egg
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| show | Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history
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| Collectivism | show 🗑
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| show | a test (such as MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups
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| show | the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate
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| Internal Locus of Control | show 🗑
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| MMPI | show 🗑
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| show | according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
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| show | the extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless
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| Personality Inventory | show 🗑
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| Rationalization | show 🗑
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| Reaction Formation | show 🗑
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| show | the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment
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| show | the most widely used projective test, seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots
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| Sublimation | show 🗑
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| show | a theory of death-related anxiety; explores people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death
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| show | a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
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| show | tests designed to assess what a person has learned
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| show | tests designed to predict a person's future performance
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| show | the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
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| WAIS | show 🗑
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| show | a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found
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| Evidence-Base Practice | show 🗑
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| show | the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
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| Psychotherapy | show 🗑
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| Regression Toward The Mean | show 🗑
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| show | the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma
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| Resistance | show 🗑
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| rTMS | show 🗑
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| Tardive Dyskinesia | show 🗑
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| show | a strategy designed to decrease international tensions
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| show | influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality
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cgrigorieff
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