Res 202 final
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| How many electron will calcium gain or lose when it forms an ion | lose 2
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| How many electrons will nitrogen gain or lose when it forms an ion | gain 3
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| The ion that is the main electrolyte in the intercellular fluid of the body is the | potassium ion
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| The most abundant electrolyte in the blood is the | sodium ion
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| Calcium is needed in the body for | the bones and teeth
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| The total charge on an ionic compound is | 0
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| With respect to a physiological saline solution, a salt solution having a concentration of 1.2% is | hypertonic
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| With respect to a physiological saline solution, a salt solution having concentration of 0.7% | hypotonic
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| In a molecule with covalent bonding | the atoms are held together by sharing electrons
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| In a compound with ionic bonding | it is held together by the force of attration between oppositely charged ions
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| A convalently bonded group of atoms with a net positive or negative charge is an | polyatomic ion
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| The movement of water from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentreation is called | osmosis
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| A solution having a lower concentration than found in the cells of the body is called an | hypotonic solution
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| A solution having a higher concentration than found in the cells of the body is called an | hypertonic solution
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| The shrinking of blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution is called | crenation
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| A salt solution with a concentration of 0.9% is | none of the above
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| The quantitative term in chemistry realted to Avogardo's number of particles of a substance is | mole
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| One way to transport oxygen from the lungs to the cells is by | using hemoglobin
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| what is the charge on a neutral atom if it loses 3 electrons | +3
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| According to the kinetic theory, particles of a gas | undergo elastic collsions
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| The collisions of gas molecules against the wall of a container is called | pressure
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| Inflating a balloon by forcing air into it is an example of | Avagardro's Law
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| When you increase the absolute temperature of a gas, your | increase the average kinetic energy of the molecules
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| A celsius temperature of 33 c is equal to a kelvin temperature of | 306 K
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| According to Boyle's law, the volume of a gas will__________ when the __________ increases | Decrease, pressure
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| Inspiration, breathing in, is caused by: | Increasing the volume of the chest cavity, which decreases the pressure in the chest cavity
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| When a person exhales | Decreasing the volume of the chest cavity which increases the pressure in the chest cavity
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| According to Gay-Lussac's law, if you would double the absolute temperature of a gas at a constant volume, the pressure would: | Double
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| The total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the | sum of the partial pressures of all the gases in the mixture
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| A patient is receving oxygen with a mixture of gases. If the percent of oxygen is 30 %, and the total pressure of the mixture is 680 mm Hg, what is the partial pressure of the oxygen? | 204 mm Hg
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| A tank contains nitrogen gas at 520 mm Hg, helium gas at 120 mm Hg, and neon gas at 240 mm Hg. What is the total pressure of the gas | 880 mm Hg
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| The actual weight of water vapor contained in a given amount of gas is | the absoulte humidity
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| The actual amount of water vapor compared to the amount of water vapor that a gas can hold at a given temperature is called | the relative humidity
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| The movement of gas from an area high concentration of that gas to an area of low concentration of that gas is called | diffusion
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| Gases diffuse from an area of __________ concentration to an area of __________ concentration | high, low
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| Which of the following correctly describes the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood | low oxygen, high carbon dioxide
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| The solution of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of the gas above the liquid is a statement of | Henry's law
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| The solubility of a gas in a liquid | increases as the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid increases
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| For a chemical reaction to take place between reactants, they must | collide with proper orientation and have sufficient energy to react
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| Increasing the concentration of the reactants increases the rate of a reaction because | it increases the probability of a properly oriented collision
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| Decreasing the temperature of a reactant will cause the rate of reaction to | decrease
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| Addition of a catalyst will cause the rate of reaction to | increase
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| The names for catalysts that are found in the body is | enzymes
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| Which of the following shouldn't you give to a person suffering from hypothermia? | alcohol
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| Which of the following is a characteristic of an acid | sour taste, produce hydrogen ions in solution, turn litmus red (all of the above)
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| Which of the following is a characteristic of a base? | turn litmus blue
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| In a basic solution | the concentration of OH is greater than the H concentration
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| Which of the following substances in solution are acidic | HCL
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| A solution with a pH of 9 is | basic
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| Acids that ionize 100% in aqueous solution are called | strong acids
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| The average pH of the blood is | 7.4 slightly basic
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| A patient with a blood pH of 7.6 has | alkalosis
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| The chief buffer system in the blood is the | carbonate buffer system
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| In the carbonate buffer system,__________ reacts with any excess hydroxide ions | carbonic acid H2CO3
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| When concentration of carbonic acid increases it decomposes into | H2O and CO2
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| Which of the following is a characterisitic of organic compounds | insoluble in water, easily decomposed by heat, react very slowly (all of the above)
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| A hydrocarbon consists of | carbon and hydrogen only
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| A hydrocarbon compound that has single covalent bonds is called a | alkane
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| Which of the following compounds is an alkane? | CH3CH2CH3
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| A hydrocarbon with one or more double covalent bonds is a | alkene
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| Which of the following compounds is a alkene | CH2=CH2
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| An unsaturated hydrocarbon | has one or more carbon-carbon double bonds
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| A carbohydrate that consists of a single sugar molecule is called | a monosaccharide
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| A carbohydrate that consists of many sugar molecules is called | a polysaccharide
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| Glucose is sometimes referred to as | blood sugar
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| The normal concentration of glucose in the blood is | 70 to 100 mg/100ml of blood
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| A glucose concentration of greater than 100mg/100ml is called | hyperglycemia
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| The presence of glucose in the urine is called | glucosuria
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| A person with type O blood can donate blood to a person with which blood type | A, B, AB, (any of above)
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| A person with type AB blood can receive blood from a person with which blood type | A, B, O, (any of the above)
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| Which of the following is a disaccharide | sucrose
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| Hydrolysis of starch produce | glucose
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| The storage form of glucose in animals is | glycogen
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| A plant or animal product that is soluble in nonpolar solvents are called | lipids
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| Saponifia lipids are | made up of esters
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| Nonsaponifiable lipids are | made up of the steroid nucleus
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| Fats have a higher percent of | saturated fatty acids
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| The only difference between the structures of different amino acids is | the side chain group G
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| The arrangement of the atoms in the general formula of the amino acids is | N-C-COOH
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| Amino acids that cannot be sythesized in the body are called | essential amino acids
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| The process of hydrolysis results in | the convalent bonds that hold the amino acids together are broken
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| The disorganization of the protein structure in such a manner as to render the protein incapable of performing it function is called | denaturation
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| Heat denatures proteins by | causing the protein molecules to vibrate violently
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| A globular protein found in the blood that carries molecules not soluble in the blood is | albumin
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| The active catalytic site is | the place on the enzyme where the reactions takes place
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| Enzymes are | proteins that are catalysts within the body
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| The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is | the substrate
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| coenzymes are | vitamins
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| The inactive form of an enzyme is called an | zymogen
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| The presence of higher than normal levels of GPT in the blood indicates | a possible liver damage or infection
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| Why would a doctor check for high levels of GPT in the blood after a gallbladder operation | see if the liver was damaged during the operation
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| The kingdom of one-celled organisms is called | protista
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| Hospital-aquired infections are called | nosocomial infections
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| __________ infections occur in people with compromised immune systems | opportunistic
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| The process in which bacteria cells reproduce the cells, splitting and forming two daughters cells from a single parent cell is called | binary fission
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| Which of the following is the correct name for the named bacteria | staphylococcus aureus
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| High resistant forms of bacteria that develop in response to adverse environmental conditions are called | spores
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| The term staphylococcus refers to cocci bacteria | in a bunch like grapes
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| Streptococcus refers to cocci bacteria | in long chains
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| The type of bacteria stain that produces information about the compostition of the cell wall is an | differential stain
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| The sensitivity portion of the culture and sensitivity test is used to determine | the most effective antibiotic for treatment
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| If more than one organism is found in a culture, the culture is called a | mixed culture
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| A qualitative sensitivity test that uses the different antibiotics on a paper disk placed on the culture medium is called | disk diffusion method
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| The ___________ determines the killing activity of a microbial | minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)
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| Which of the following are problems produced by toxins released by bacteria | destruction of body tissues, destruction of blood cells, inhibition of ribosomes (all of the above)
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| Antibiotics that inhibit the replication of microorganism and prevent the growth of organisms without desetroying them are called | bacteriostatic agents
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| A bacterium that needs oxygen to survive is classified as an | aerobic bacterium
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| A ___________ contains no organelles and is basically a protein coat that covers DNA or RNA strand | virus
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| Viruses cause disease by | Destroying the host cell and making a favorable environment for the development of a secondary bacterial infection
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| The method of viral detection that involves the detection of the antigen of the virus is called | direct detection
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| A __________ is an organism that lives in or on a host's expense | parasite
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| The dormant form of a parasite is called a | cyst
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| Fungal infections are most likely to develop in people | with an impaired immune system or other underlying disease
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| Which of the following diseases is caused by bacteria | rheumatic fever
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| Which of the following diseases is caused by a fungus | thrush
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| Which of the following diseases is caused by a parasite | malaria
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| actively growing organisms are called | vegetative organisms
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| a dormant protective state if an organism is referred to as a | spore
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| The presence of microorganisms with a tissue reaction is called | an infecion
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| Contamination is | the presence of microorganisms without a tissue reaction
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| The process that eliminates vegetative, pathogenic microorganisms from an inanimate object is called | disinfection
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| A 10 degrees C increase in temperature will | double the killing rate
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| Immersion in boiling water for 15 minutes is not considered a true sterilization process because it | is ineffectual against many bacteria and fungal spores
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| The action of an alcohol used as a disinfectant is | to disorganize the pathogen's lipid structure of the cell membrane
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| Acetic acid's (vinegar) disinfectant action is due to its | acidity, which denatures the cell's proteins
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| Which of the following is not a factor for the proper sterilization using ethylene oxide (ETO) | the object being a liquid
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| Which of the following is not a disadvantage of using gamma radiation to sterilize substances | It generates excessive heat
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| The mode of disinfectant action for phenols is that they | cause cell leakage and inactivate enzymes in the cell membrane
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| Which of the following is not a portal of entry for infectious agents | the fingernails
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| A reservoir of infection is | an individual who is a carrier of a disease but possesses no disease symptoms
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| Which of the following diseases could be caused by a bacterial infection of a wound? | tetanus
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| A clostridium difficle infection of the gastrointestinal tract causes | diarrhea
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| A candida albicans infection of the genitourinary tract causes | vaginitis
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| several people who ate at a salad bar at a restaurant develop E coil infection. This is an example of which of the following transmission? | common vehicle
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| A person sitting next to you has the flu and sneezes but doesn't cover his nose. The next day you come down with the flu. The route of transmission is | airborne
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| A rat climbs out of sewer near a picnic area and walks over some cookies unnoticed. A person ate a cookie. This is an example of | vector-mechanical route of transmission
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| A person develops lyme disease from a tick bite, the route of transmission is | vector transmission
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| How long is it recommended that you wash your hands for? | 25 to 30 seconds
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| Which of the following is not a standard procedure when in contact with patients | You should wear gloves when in contact with any patient
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| You are assigned a patient in which there is a possibility for pathogen transmission by droplet spread or dust particle. The personal protective equipment you should wear when you enter the room would be | a HEPA filtered mask
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| Which of the following diseases could result from a bacteria infection of the respiratory system | Whooping Cough
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