Ch 2 Psychology Terms and Definitions
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| Nervous System | show 🗑
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| show | The basic cell that makes up the nervous system, which receives and sends messages within that system
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| show | Branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons
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| Soma | show 🗑
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| Axon | show 🗑
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| show | Grey fatty cells that provide support for the neurons to grow on and around, deliver nutrients to neurons, produce myelin to coat axons, and clean up waste products and dead neurons
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| Myelin | show 🗑
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| Action Potential | show 🗑
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| show | The state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse
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| All-Or-None | show 🗑
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| Axon Terminals | show 🗑
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| show | Chemical found in the synaptic vesicles which, when released, has an effect on the cell
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| show | Sack-like structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals
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| Synaptic Gap | show 🗑
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| show | Process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles
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| Excitatory Neurotransmitter | show 🗑
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| Inhibitory Neurotransmitter | show 🗑
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| Agonists | show 🗑
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| Antagonists | show 🗑
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| show | The first transmitter to be discovered. Found to regulate memories in the CNS and the action of skeletal and smooth muscles in the PNS
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| GABA | show 🗑
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| Serotonin | show 🗑
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| Dopamine | show 🗑
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| Endorphin | show 🗑
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| show | Part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
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| show | A long bundle of neurons that carries messages to and from the body to the brain and that is responsible for very fast, life-saving reflexes
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| show | A neuron that carries information from the senses to the central nervous system. Also called afferent neuron
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| Motor Neuron | show 🗑
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| Interneuron | show 🗑
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| show | All nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but run through the body itself
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| Somatic Nervous System | show 🗑
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| show | Division of the PNS consisting of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands
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| Sympathetic Division | show 🗑
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| Parasympathetic Division | show 🗑
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| Brainstem | show 🗑
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| Cortex | show 🗑
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| show | The first large swelling at the top of the spinal cord, forming the lowest part of the brain, which is responsible for life-sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing, and heart rate
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| show | The larger swelling above the medulla, which connects the top of the brain to the bottom, and plays a part in sleep, dreaming, left-right body coordination, and arousal
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| Reticular Formation | show 🗑
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| Cerebellum | show 🗑
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| Limbic System | show 🗑
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| show | Part of the limbic system located in the center of the brain, this structure relays sensory information from the lower part of the brain to the proper areas of the cortex, and processes some sensory information before sending it to its proper area
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| show | Small structure in the brain located below the thalamus and directly above the pituitary gland, responsible for motivational behavior such as sleep, hunger, thirst, and sex
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| show | Curved structure located within each temporal lobe, responsible for the formation of long term memories and the storage of memory for location of objects
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| Amygdala | show 🗑
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| Cerebral Hemispheres | show 🗑
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| show | Thick band of neurons that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres
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| Occipital Lobes | show 🗑
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| Parietal Lobes | show 🗑
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| Temporal Lobes | show 🗑
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| show | Areas of the cortex located in the front and top of the brain, responsible for higher mental processes and decision making, as well as the production of fluent speech
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| Association Areas | show 🗑
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| Broca's Area | show 🗑
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| Wernicke's Area | show 🗑
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| Endocrine Glands | show 🗑
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| show | Chemicals released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands
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| show | Gland located in the brain that secretes human growth hormone and influences all other hormone-secreting glands (also known as the master gland)
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| Pineal Gland | show 🗑
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| show | Endocrine gland found in the neck that regulates metabolism
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| show | Endocrine gland that controls the levels of sugar in the blood
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| show | Endocrine glands located on the top of each kidney that secrete over thirty different hormones to deal with stress, regulate salt intake, and provide a secondary source of sex hormones affecting the sexual changes that occur during adolescence
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