Ch 3 Psychology Terms and Definitions
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| Sensation | show 🗑
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| Sensory Receptors | show 🗑
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| show | 1795-1978 Pioneer in the study of sensory thresholds, Discovered the just noticeable difference and Weber's law
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| show | 1801-1887 Pioneer in the field of sensation and perception
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| show | The smallest difference between two stimuli that is detectable 50 percent of the time
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| Weber's Law | show 🗑
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| Absolute Threshold | show 🗑
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| show | Tendency of sensory receptor cells to become less responsive to a stimulus that is unchanging
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| Sensory Adaption | show 🗑
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| Brightness | show 🗑
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| show | Determined by the frequency (or length) of a light wave
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| Saturation | show 🗑
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| show | Nerve tissue lining the inside of the back of the eye that contains sensory receptors that convert focused light into nerve impulses and transmits the information to the brain through the optic nerves.
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| Rods | show 🗑
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| show | Visual sensory receptor found at the back of the retina, responsible for color vision and sharpness of vision
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| Trichromatic Theory | show 🗑
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| Afterimage | show 🗑
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| show | Theory of color vision that proposes four primary colors with cones arranged in pairs: red and green, blue and yellow
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| show | Bundle of axons carrying visual information from the retina to the brain
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| show | Reduced ability to distinguish colors due to damage to the cones of the retina
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| Audition (auditory system) | show 🗑
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| Volume | show 🗑
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| show | Psychological experience of sound that corresponds to the frequency (or length) of the sound waves; higher frequencies are perceived as higher pitches
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| Timbre | show 🗑
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| show | Cycles or waves per second, a measurement of frequency
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| show | The outer ear that focuses sound waves for the middle and inner ears
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| Cochlea | show 🗑
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| Basilar Membrane | show 🗑
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| show | The structure in the inner ear that contains the hair cell sensory receptors
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| show | Sensory receptors of the auditory system, Specifically, specialized neurons that convert sound into an electrical-chemical signal
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| show | Theory of pitch that states that different pitches are experienced by the stimulation of hair cells in different locations on the organ of Corti
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| show | States that the perceived pitch is caused by the frequency of the incoming sound wave and subsequently the frequency of firing in the auditory nerve
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| show | Theory of pitch that states that frequencies are above 100 Hz cause the hair cells (auditory neurons) to fire in a volley pattern or taking turns in firing
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| show | Deficit in hearing cause by damage to the eardrum or bones of the middle ear, typically corrected by ordinary hearing aid
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| show | Deficit in hearing caused by damage to the inner ear, auditory nerve, or cortical areas of the brain, can sometimes be partially reversed with cochlear implants
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| show | Medical device surgically implanted to bypass damage in the inner ear and directly stimulate auditory nerve endings
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| show | The sensation of taste
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| Taste Buds | show 🗑
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| Papillae | show 🗑
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| Umami | show 🗑
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| Olfaction (Olfactory system) | show 🗑
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| Somesthetic Senses | show 🗑
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| Skin Senses | show 🗑
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| show | Sense of the location of body parts in relation to the ground and each other
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| Vestibular Senses | show 🗑
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| show | Theory of pain that states the psychological experience of pain is controlled by a series of "gates" in the central and peripheral nervous system that can allow or block the flow of the pain information depending on a number of factors
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| show | A newly discovered neurotransmitter that plays a role in transmitting information about pain
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| show | Sensory receptors that detect pain and pressure in the organs
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| Otolith Organs | show 🗑
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| Semicircular Canals | show 🗑
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| show | The method by which the sensations experienced at any given moment are interpreted and organized in some meaningful fashion
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| show | The tendency to interpret the shape of an object as being constant, even when its shape changes on the retina
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| Brightness Constancy | show 🗑
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| show | The tendency to perceive objects, or figures, as existing on a background
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| show | The tendency to complete figures that are incomplete
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| Similarity | show 🗑
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| Contiguity | show 🗑
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| Continuity | show 🗑
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| Proximity | show 🗑
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| Depth Perception | show 🗑
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| show | Cues for perceiving depth based on one eye only
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| Linear Perspective | show 🗑
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| show | Perception that occurs when objects that a person expects to be of a certain size appear to be small and are therefore assumed to be much, much farther away
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| Interposition (overlap) | show 🗑
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| show | The haziness that surrounds objects that are farther away from the viewer, causing the distance to be perceived as greater
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| Texture Gradient | show 🗑
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| Motion Parallax | show 🗑
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| show | As a monocular clue, the brain's use of information about the changing thickness of the lens of the eye in response to looking at objects that are close or far away
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| Binocular Cues | show 🗑
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| show | The rotation of the two eyes in their sockets to focus on a single object, resulting in greater convergence for closer objects and less convergence if objects are distant
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| show | The difference in images between the two eyes, which is greater for objects that are close and smaller for distant objects
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| show | A perception that does not correspond to reality
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| Muller-Lyer Illusion | show 🗑
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| show | The tendency to perceive things a certain way because previous experiences or expectations influence those perceptions
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| show | The use of pre-existing knowledge to organize individual features into a unified whole
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| Bottom-Up Processing | show 🗑
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