Genetics in science
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| Hybrid | an organism that has two different alleles for a trait.
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| Purebred | the offspring of many generations that have the same traits.
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| Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
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| Trait | A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.
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| Offspring | The child of an organism
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| Gene | the set of information that controls a trait.
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| Alleles | The different forms of a gene
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| Dominant Allele | The allele that has more power over the other.
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| Recessive Allele | The allele that has less power over the other.
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| homozygous Allele | An organism that has 2 of the same alleles.
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| Heterozygous Allele | An organism that has 2 different alleles.
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| Genotype | The genetic constitution of an individual organism
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| Phenotype | The set of observable characteristics of and individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
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| genetics | The scientific study of heredity.
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| punnet square | Is a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
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| Codominance | The alleles are neither dominant nor recessive.As a result, both alleles are expressed in the offspring.
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| Fertilizaiton | The joining of an egg and sperm cell.
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| Meiosis | Is the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.
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| Haploid | Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
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| Diploid | Having two complete sets of chromosomes.
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| Pedigree | A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait.
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| karyotype | A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs.
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| Genetic disorder | An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes.
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| Sex chromosomes | A pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is a male or female.
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| Sex-linked gene | A gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome.
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| Carrier | A person who has one recessive for the trait bur does not have the trait.
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| Inbreeding | A selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed.
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| Hybridization | A selective breeding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed.
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| clone | An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced.
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| Genetic engineering | The transfer of a gene from the dna of one organism into another organism in order to produce an organism with desired traits.
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| Gene Therapy | The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with genetic disorder in attempt to correct the disorder.
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| multiple alleles | three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait
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| Cystic Fibrosis | A genetic disorder in which the body produces abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines.
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| sickle-cell disease | A disease where blood cells develop a sickle shape.
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| Hemophilia | A genetic disorder in which their blood clots very slowly or not at all.
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| Down Syndrome | When a person's chromosomes have an extra copy of chromosome 21.
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| Geneticist | A person that studies genetics
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| Genetic counseling | Genetic counselors help couples understand their chances of having a child with a specific disorder.
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| Insulin | Insulin is a protein that people with diabetes need.
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| Genome | Is all the DNA in one cell of an organism.
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