Midterm Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| when can regeneration of axon occur | as long as cell body is not damaged
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| synapses meet at | gland or muscle or other synapse
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| electrical synapse | direct contact, smooth muscle, cardia muscle
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| chemical synapse | space, pre and post synaptic neurons
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| EPSP | NT binds to Na+= AP dipolarize
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| calcium | causes vessicles to fuse
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| synaptic cleft | space between synapses
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| IPSP | NT binds to K+=no AP does not depolarize
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| ICF- | more negative by K+ leaving
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| NS | AP fast and ends fast
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| ES | AP slower and last longer
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| 4 ways the synapse rids of excess NT | diffuse, breakdown by Ach, active transport, uptake
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| temporal | continuous, are we there yet, until fire
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| spacial | firing squad, one not enough, all firing maybe enough to send signal
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| sub threshold | facilitated, getting ready to fire, but not enough, close to threshold not enough to fire
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| damage | pressure, severe
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| which NS regenerates | PNS
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| what happens instead of regeneration in CNS | other neurons take over, re-ed
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| MVA nn damage pressure causes what sensation | parasthesia
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| wallerian degeneration | cut nn, schwann cells that wre myelinated nn now reabsorb damaged nn, form tube-axon stump grows into tube
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| factors effecting wallerian degeneration | no scar tissue, must be clean cut
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| microphage | pacman cells eat dead cells
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| how to decrease scar tissue | US, ES, MT
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| How are nn specific | specific nn for different sensations
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| thalamus | low stimulus, ex clothes, Brains assistant, admin or CEO
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| meisners corpuscles | light touch, pettrisage/merkels disc-mechanoreceptors
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| merkels disk | in epidermis, responds to light touch, help to tell difference surface of objects,if press to hard to nn -turns off, overstimulated
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| heavy touch | ruffinian end organs-deeper, DTM, rolfing/pacinain corpuscles, vibrating stimuli
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| tickle | hypersensativity
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| monomodal nn | Afiber, burn, sharp, acute, fast, mechanical=itch, tickle,pleasure, thermal=hot or cold
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| corpuslces | capsules on nn
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| free nn endings | no capsules/corpuslces
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| how can medical history help find which type of nn is damaged | nn are specific to description of pain, monomodal Afiber=is burn, sharp, acute, fast/mechanical= tissue damage, itching, tickling, pleasure/thermal=tissue damage, hor to r cold/polymodal Cfiber=slow, chronic, dull, nagging, throbbing
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| polymodal nn | Cfiber, unmyelinated, slow signal, chronic, slow pain, dull, nagging, throbbing, long lasting stimuli=prolonged sitting, chemicals from damaged tissue cause nagging pain
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| pain | subjective, quantify, symptom or disease, originate in ST, chronic, acute
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| chronic pain | healing pain, depressed people and may altar rehab
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| acute pain | A fibers override chronic pain, may have both
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| visceral pain | poorly localized, ab wall guarding
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| embryotic | similiar cells
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| cutaneous cut | sharp A fiber
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| trigger point compression | override other pain
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| functional unit in spine | 3 parts, 2 vert and 1 disc
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| natural splint | mm lock
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| cranial nn | PNS
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| SC | highway
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| Plexus | PNS
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| Nucleus | CNS
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| UMN | pre-synaptic
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| LMN | post-synaptic
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| central canal | tiny canal in the middle, transport CSF
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| SC Ant and Post | Ant fissure, post sulcus
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| grey matter | butterfly in SC
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| white matter | SC tracts, fasciculi
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| tracts | ascending sensory, descending motor
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| UE fasciculus | cuneatus, weblike bundle of axons
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| LE fasciculus | gracilis cord (gracilis mm) bundle of axons
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| fasciculus | same sensation, ex fine touch, fine pressure
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| integrative function | interprets and compares to past experiences, decides course of action
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| motor function | can be mm contraction or glandular secretion
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| effectors | general name for anything having effect
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| soma | body
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| visceral | organ
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| SNS | voluntary =skeletal mm
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| ANS | involuntary = visceral smooth mm
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| bones cover | most important organs
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| efferent | effector
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| parasympathetic | rest and repair
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| sympathetic | flight or fight, instantaneously
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| parasympathetic vs sympathetic | balance btw both, one should not dominate
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| cell hierarchy-botton to top | epithelial tissue= covers, mm cells =contractions, neuron tells mm to contract
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| to we create more nn cells | no, they do not divide after 6 months, same nn cells since then
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| ribosomes | attach to endoplasmic reticulum
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| axon send signal | away from cell body
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| sciatic cell body | at spine, axon goes all the way down to the toe
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| upper body nerves | larger, down arm
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| divergent nerve path | wide dispersal of signals
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| what is myelin made of | protein and lipids
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| which cells repair | PNS
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| axon hillock | part of cell body that connects to axon
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| neuroglia | do not conduct electrical impulse, protect neuron only
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| astrocytes | service to nn cells in CNS
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| magocytes | schwann cells in the PNS clean up debris to repair nn
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| CSF | like blood but does not have certain things, made from blood in ventricle in brain, ependymal cells reach out to capillaries and get whet they need to make CSF
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| satellite cells | in PNS ganglia, unipolar
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| ganglion | collection of cells bodies
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| posterior root ganglia | group of cells clumps outside CNS
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| nucleus | group of cells in CNS
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| multipolar | most nn cells
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| epithelial cells | visceral, secrete substance, organ connective =bone, mm=move, neurons=send messages
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| how many different types of neurons | 140
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