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gross anatomy
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microscopic anatomy
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Haney Handouts
Massage Terms
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| gross anatomy | large easily observed organs and organ systems |
| microscopic anatomy | cells and tissues that can only be observed with magnifying instruments |
| atoms | basic structural units of compounds |
| cells | smallest structures know to exhibit the characteristices of life, building blocks of the body |
| tissue | composed of cells wtih similar form and function |
| organs | composed of different tissure that work together to form a structure that performs a specific function |
| organ systerms | composed of two or more organs working together to perform a higher function |
| organism | living thing composed of many organ systems |
| integumentary system | forms the external body covering protecting deeper tissure from injury |
| skeletal system | protects and supports body organs while providing a framework for muscle attachment |
| muscular system | allows locomotion and facial expression while producing internal body heat |
| nervous system | control system of the body, responding to internal and external stimuli |
| endocrine system | system of ductless glands producion process regulating hormones |
| cardiovascular system | transport system carrying oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes |
| lymphatic system | open system of vessels distribution intra-cellular fluids |
| respiratiory system | keeps the blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes corbon dioxide |
| digestive system | breaks down food into absorbable substances and eliminates indigestible substances |
| urinary system | eliminates nitrogenous wastes while maintaining a balance of electrolytes in the blood |
| reproductive system | responsible for the production of offspring |
| receptor (homeostatic control mechanism) | monitors and responds to changes in the environment |
| control center (homeostatic control mechanisms) | analyzes information from receptors and determines the appropriate resonse |
| effector (homeostatic control mechanisms) | provieds the means for the control center's resonse to the stimulus |
| hypothalamus | contains the "thermostat" to regulate body's temperature (part of the endocrine system) |
| hormonal stimulus | endocrine organs are stimulated by other hormones |
| humoral stimulus | endocrine organs are stimulated by changes levels of ions or nutrients in blood |
| neural stimulus | endocrine organs are stimulated by nerve impulses |
| adhesion | a binding together of two anatomical surfaces taht are normally separate. Occurs frequently in muscle and connective tissue after trauma or with chronic tension. Deep-transverse friction is used to break up adhesions |
| beating | a percussion massage technique applied with a lightly closed fist using the hypothenar eminence and small finger as the striking surface, used for stimulation |
| broadening | a massage technique in which muscle and fiscial tissue are comporesed and broadened with a deep, slow, sliding motion; used to break adhesions and increase circulation |
| circular friction | a friction massage technique applied in a circular motion covering no more than 1 square inch at a time; used to break adhesions and for specific warming |
| compression | a massage technique that employs a gradual compressing of tissue followed by a gradual reduction of pressure; used to increase circulation |
| contract/ relax | an active movement used to promote muscular relaxation through consciously tensing and then relaxing a specific muscle or muscle group |
| contract/ relax/ stretch | a technique used to enhance stretching by preceding the stretch with contract/ relax of the mucsle to be lengthened |
| cupping | a percussion technique applied with cupped hands (no volar contact); used for stimulation |
| debility | a condition that reduces or hinders an athlete's ability to perform his/her sport, but is not totaly disabling |
| deep friction | massage techniques that utilize short, circular, or back and forth motions applied with the fingertip or thumb and using sufficient pressure to produce motion on the tissue beneath the skin; used to treat a specific small area and prevent adhesions |
| deep-transverse friction | a friction massage technique applied in a direction across the length of the muscle fivers using heave pressure; used to break adhesions |
| digital compressoin | a compression massage technique applied with the thumb or fingertips; used in veroius kinds of point work |
| disability | a condition that does not allow athletesto perform their sport at all |
| durable hyperemia | hyperemia that lasts for a long peroid of time; one of the goals in pre-event massage. Compression and broadening techniques are often used to induce durable hyperemia |
| effleurage | a classic western massage term for sliding movements; found in Russian and Swedish massage |
| event massage | and a;;lication of sports massage in the time period surroundng a competitive event that aims at immediat performance enhancement, recovery, or both. Includes pre-event, interevent, and postevent massage |
| general relaxation | physiological state characterized by decreases in heart rate, oxgen consumption, respiration, and skeletal muscular activity and by increases in skin resistance and alapha brain waves; sometimes called relaxation response |
| hacking | a percussion massage technique applied iwth the little, third and fourth finger wiht the palms facing each other, used for stimulation |
| hyperemia | increased blood flow to part of the body. Massage techniques used to induce hyperemia inclede deep sliding strokes, kneading, and compression. |
| hypertonicity | increase in muscle tone resulting in muscle tension |
| hypoxia | insufficient amount of oxygen |
| interevent | a type of event massage given in the shore periods between evens in an extended competition that aims at recover from one performance and preparation for optimal performance in the next event |
| ischemia | insufficient blood flow to tissure taht results in a decreased oxygen supply (hypoxia), increased carbon dioxide and an insufficient supply of nutrients. Can cause pain, stiffness, and soreness in the affected area. |
| jostling | a massage technique in which teh soft tissues are shaken back and forth with short, quick, loose movements; may be accompanied by mobilization of surrounding joints; used to loosed up an area |
| kneading | a massage movement in which the hands alternately and rhythmically lift squeeze, and release the soft tissues; used for muscular relazation and increasing circulation in the tissues. |
| maintenance | an all-purpose application of sports massage that is scheduled between competitions. It aims at recovery, normalizing stressed tissues, and treating minor injuries and complaints. |
| massage | the manipulation of the soft tissues of the body |
| massage specialist | a person with special skills in massage and related techniques, gained through education and experience |
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eestrand
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