gas laws, temps, heat,
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| Occurs when temperature is constant, pressure is inversely proportional to volume As pressure increase volume decrease As pressure decrease volume increase First gas law | show 🗑
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| At a constant pressure the volume of a given mass varies directly with temperature. Second gas law Volume increase temp increase pressure is constant. This is a linear process Second gas law | show 🗑
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| At constant VOLUME the absolute pressure of a given mass varies directly with the absolute temperature. Third gas law | show 🗑
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| Boyles Law, Charles Law, and Gay Lussac's Law any of these properties can be found mathematically. | show 🗑
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| show | Combined Law
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| show | P1xV1/T1 = P2xV2/T2
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| Equal volumes of gas, at the same temp and pressure, contain the same number of particles or molecules | show 🗑
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| show | Avagadro's Law
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| The state of an amount of gas is determined by its pressure, volume, and temperature thus pv = nRt p= pressure, v= volume, n= number of moles, R= is the gas constant, t= temperature in kelvins | show 🗑
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| show | 8.314472
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| What is the gas constant (R) of moles | show 🗑
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| show | monotomic gases
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| show | high and low
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| This law states that the total pressure exerted by gaseous mixture is equaled to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual component in a gas mixture | show 🗑
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| This law assumes that gases do not react with each other | show 🗑
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| Temperature above which a subtance can not be liquified no matter how much pressure is applied is known as? | show 🗑
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| show | 36.5 C
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| show | Pressure and increased
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| Adiabatic cooling occurs when the _____ of a gas is ________ | show 🗑
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| The SI unit of work is | show 🗑
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| show | Newton
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| Energy is always | show 🗑
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| Work can be defined as | show 🗑
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| show | PA x V/A = PV
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| The energy for contraction is derived from the chemical energy conversion of | show 🗑
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| Work = muscle shortening x | show 🗑
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| show | one form to another
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| For calulations to work pressure must be in ____ and volume must be in __________ | show 🗑
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| Half of mechanical energy during inspiration is stored in the __________. The other half is used to overcome airway __________ | show 🗑
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| What is Osmosis | show 🗑
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| show | Radiation > convection > evaporation > conduction
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| Through which route does a burn partient lose the highest percentage of body heat? | show 🗑
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| show | 7% for each degree centegrade
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| Where are the centers for heat loss and heat gain located? | show 🗑
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| What is the more common temperature disorder during anesthesia, hypothermia or hyperthermia? | show 🗑
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| How does hypothermia alter systemic vascualr resistance and cardiac output? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. pediatrics, 2. geriatrics, 3. hypothyroid, 4. patients with hypothalmic lesions.
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| show | 1. increase blood viscosity, 2. left shift shift in oxyhemoblobin curve, 3. impaired coagulation, 4. thrombocytopenia
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| Hypothermia has what effect on drug elimination? | show 🗑
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| show | 1.oxyhemoglobin curve shift to the left 2. increaed shivering 3. drug biotransformation are slowed 4. glomerular filtration rate is decreased 5. profound CNS depression 6. bradycardia and increased PVC's
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| Why is emergence delayed in the patient who is hypothermic | show 🗑
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| show | Increased end-tidal CO2
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| How fast may temp rise during an epeisode of MH | show 🗑
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| show | Hypercarbia
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| Which drugs should be avoided in patients with a family history of MH | show 🗑
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| show | Tubocurarine (d-Tubocurarine chloride, dTC)
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| What body temperature should cooling be stopped with MH | show 🗑
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| show | An inhalational agent with a large blood:gas coeffecient is hghly lipid soluble. So uptake is FAST but speed of onset and the rise in FA/FI is slow. The higher the blood gas coeffecient, the greater the anesthetic uptake by the pulmonary circulation.
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| show | poorly soluble volatile agents the uptake is slow, the speed of onset is fast, the rise in the FA/FI curve is fast.
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| show | 1. Blood solubilty, 2.Cardiac output (decrease in cardiac output increase anesthetic carried to the brain) 3. Alveolar ventilation 4. inspired concentration
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| How can you calculate how much oxygen is dissolved in the blood? What laws applies? | show 🗑
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| When the PaO2 is 200 mm/Hg at normal body temperature, how many ml of oxygen will in 100 ml of blood plasma? | show 🗑
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| show | Diffusion
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| Diffusion is dependent on memebrane area and what? | show 🗑
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| Diffusion is proportional to what? | show 🗑
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| With diffusion smaller molecules diffuse _______ and larger molecules diffuse ________ | show 🗑
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| show | Diffusion
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| Rate of diffusion of a substance across a unit area is proportional to the concentration gradient | show 🗑
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| show | Solubility of gas
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| CO2 diffuses rapildly thus it has a ______ equilibration in a short peroid of time | show 🗑
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| Blood transfer from capillaries to lungs in | show 🗑
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| Problem with diffusion ultimately results in | show 🗑
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| Diffusion is inveresly proportional to square root of molecular weight is known as? | show 🗑
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| show | membrane thickness
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| show | molecular weight of the substance diffusing
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| Diffusion is directly proportional to the | show 🗑
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| show | Slower
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| show | 101.325 kPa or 1 atm
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| Osmolarity is moles per | show 🗑
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| Osmolalty is moles per | show 🗑
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| show | proteins
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| show | Sodium, potasium, calciuum, and lactate chloride
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| show | 278 mmol per liter
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| Body osmolarity is | show 🗑
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| show | Semipermeable membranes
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| show | Proteins
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| show | osmotic pressure
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| Provides flow out of arterioles to venules thus providing oxygen and wasing out CO2 | show 🗑
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| Edema is caused by lack of | show 🗑
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| Depression of vapor pressure of a solvent is proportional to the molar concentration of a solute | show 🗑
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| Used to measure osmolarity | show 🗑
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| What are the four properties affected by osmolarity | show 🗑
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| show | Application of Raoult's Law
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| show | Raoult's Law
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| Energy expended during stretch of elastic tissues = | show 🗑
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| Energy required for exhaling is | show 🗑
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| Energy required for inhaling is | show 🗑
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| Inpsiration requires how many joules of energy | show 🗑
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| show | 90% thus 10% effecient process
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| Expiration requires how many joules of energy | show 🗑
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| show | 1 joule per second
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| show | rate of work
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| show | watts
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| work of inspiration = 300 mj resp = 16 how many mW is this | show 🗑
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| Body's normal metabolic rate is | show 🗑
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| show | Laminar flow
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| show | Turbulent Flow
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| show | Increases
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| show | Third power
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| During hyperventilation increase in oxygen can not keep up with ______________ requirements | show 🗑
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| As time constant decrease the frequency of ventilation | show 🗑
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| Work of myocardial contractions generateds how many mj? | show 🗑
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| For the right side of the heart P = 2.4 kPa flow is the same power is equal to how many watts? | show 🗑
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| show | 1.2 watts
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| show | Increase demand and heart failure
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| Name three govenmental agencies that are involved in the process of monitoring of temperature in the O.R. | show 🗑
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| Heat is what energy form | show 🗑
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| What does the thermal state of substance determines? | show 🗑
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| show | Kelvins
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| show | 1. Radiation 40% 2. Convection 30% 3. Evaporation 20% 4. Respiration 10% (8% evaporation 2% heating of air)
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| Radiation is depentdent on 2 things | show 🗑
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| Radiation may account up to what percentage of heat losss? | show 🗑
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| How does metallic caps minimize heat loss? | show 🗑
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| show | Convection
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| Sweating may increase heat losss by a factor of ten | show 🗑
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| Physiologic control of temperature is mediated by what part of the brain? | show 🗑
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| show | 35 Celsius
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| show | Narrow
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| show | Pyrexia
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| Cerbral impairment may occur at what temperature because of a cascade effect? | show 🗑
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| What are known triggering agents of Malignant Hyperthermia? | show 🗑
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| show | Specific Heat
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| SI unit of specific heat capacity | show 🗑
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| How do you calculate Specific heat capacity? | show 🗑
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| show | 3.5 kJ/Kg C
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| How long is it necessary to shiver to increase temperature by one degree C (assume a 70 kg pt) | show 🗑
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| 4.18 J = how many calories | show 🗑
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| show | One kilocalorie = 1C
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| 2 kg of blood given to a patient patient's temp is 36 C what is the body's heat content? | show 🗑
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| Air is equal to | show 🗑
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| How much energy does the body expend warming cool air at 7 liters per minute from room tempratures at 20 C to 36 C | show 🗑
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| show | Latent Heat
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| show | when a substance change from a liquid to a gas
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| show | Specific Latent Heat
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| the SI unit of specific latent heat is | show 🗑
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| In regards to specific heat; as temperature decreases the specific latent heat does what | show 🗑
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| What is Ethyl Chloride used for | show 🗑
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| When anesthetics vaporize it drops the pressure of the vapor, which does what to the concentraion of inhaled anesthetics | show 🗑
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| show | a vapor
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| 4.1 bars equal how much pressure | show 🗑
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| show | then 0.238 g/min = 7L/min x 34 mg/Lf total latent heat = specific heat of vaporizaton at 37 C x total water =2.42MJ/kg x 0.000238kg/min = 576 J/min = 9.6W
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| show | Humified O2 = 9.6 watts warming O2 = 2 wattstotal energy = 11.6 watts
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| What law explains why gas bubbles distend when N2O is turned on or collapse when N2O is turned off? | show 🗑
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| What happens when to PACO2 and PAO2 when the N2O is shut off? | show 🗑
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| show | The dilutional effect occurs during emergence
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| show | twenty minutes
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| If the lipid solubility of an agent is high, then the MAC of the agent is | show 🗑
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| Potency of an inhalational agent is directly related to its? | show 🗑
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| MAC is inversely related to | show 🗑
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| show | High
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| Blood solubility determines? | show 🗑
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| show | inversely related brain uptake is accelerated if cardiac output is low
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| which inhalational agent causes the greatest change in heart rate | show 🗑
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| show | Sevoflurane
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