womens health
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| OB | obstetrician; cares for the pregnant woman
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| GYN | gynecologist; treats diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system
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| menstruation | process where the lining of the uterus sheds and flows out of the body through the vagina
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| average age for menses to begin | 11-15 years old
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| average menstrual cycle | 28 days
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| average days that a woman bleeds during the cycle | 3- 8 days
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| absence of menstrual flow | amenorrhea
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| painful menstruation | dysmenorrhea
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| excessive menstrual flow and/or days of flow;bleeding or spotting between regular cycle | abnormal uterine bleeding(AUB)
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| cessation of menses | menopause
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| average age of menopause | 52 years old; but can occur any time after 40
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| average length of time a woman has her menstrual cycle until menopause occurs | 35 years
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| this begin when estrogen production by the ovaries gradually decreases | Phase 1; perimenopause
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| complete cessation of menstrual flow for at least 12 months | Phase 2; menopause
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| the years after menopause when symptoms subside | Phase 3; postmenopause
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| symptoms of menopause | headaches; joint pain; vaginal dryness; bladder control problems; fatigue; mood swings; insomnia; depression; irritability; hot flashes and night sweats
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| most common complaint during menopause | hot flashes
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| long term issues linked to menopause | heart disease; poor bowel and bladder function; poor brain function; osteoporosis; increased wrinkling of the skin; gingivitis; loss of muscle tone; vision problems
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| HRT9hormone replacement therapy) may be linked to | breast cancer; blood clots; dementia; cardiovascular disease
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| A complete GYN exam includes | breast exam; pelvic and vaginal exam; PAP smear and cultures; bimanual pelvic/abdominal exam; rectal exam
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| term that refers to how many times a woman has been pregnant | gravida
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| refers to how many live births, abortions, miscarriages, pre term births and full term births | para
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| xray of breast tissue to detect breast cancer | mammogram
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| BSE(breast self exam) should be done | every month at the same time about 7-10 after the LMP
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| mammograms are done yearly after age | 40
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| most common and reliable method of PAP test | liquid prep method
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| cervix is dilated and endometrial lining is scraped out | D&C (dilatation and curettage)
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| visualization of the vaginal and cervical tissue with a colposcope | colposcopy
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| full term pregnancy is considered to be | 37-42 weeks gestation
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| pregnancy is divided into three | trimesters
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| prenatal visit will include a | complete medical history;physical exam including a pelvic exam; blood work, pap smaear and vaginal cultures, patient education and blood work
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| EDD (estimated date of delovery) is determined by using | Nageles rule
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| Nageles rule is | first day of LMP+ 7 days - 3 months + 1 year
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| hypertension of pregnancy is called | preeclampsia or toxemia
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| diabetes that occurs during pregnancy | gestational diabetes
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| low lying placenta that may block the cervical opening | placenta previa
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| placenta that prematurely detaches from the wall of the uterus | placenta abruptio
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| excessive nausea and vomiting that causes dehydration | hyperemsis gravidarum
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| pregnancy that ends prior to the fetus being viable | miscarriage/abortion
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| lab test that is done to screen for gestational diabetes | GTT(glucose tolerance test)
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| high frequency sound waves that produce an image of the fetus | ultrasound
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| amniotic fluid aspirated from the amniotic sac using a needle under ultrasound guidance | amniocentesis
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| vaginal discharge that occurs after delivery | lochia
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| bright red discharge for the first three days postpartum | lochia ruba
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| pink or brownish dicharge that occurs around day four postpartum | lochia serosa
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| yellowish-white discharge that continues up to three to six weeks post partum | lochia alba
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| postpartum visit is done | 6 weeks after delivery
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| can cause cervical cancer | `HPV human papillomavirus
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| transmission of HPV | vaginal, anal and oral sex
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| vaccines available to prevent HPV | Gardasil and Cervarix
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| Bacterial infection treated with doxycycline or azithromycin | chlamydia
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| bacterial infection treated with ceftriaxone | gonorrhea
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| viral infection treated with Valtrex with an outbreak | genital herpes
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| bacterial infection treated with penicillin | syphilis
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| visualization of the vagina and the cervix with a colposcope | colposcopy
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| cervix is dilated and lining of uterus is scraped out | D&C dilatation and curettage
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| removal of abnormal tissue from the cervix using a thin wire electrode | LEEP
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| use of a doppler to hear the fetal heart beat | FHT
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| FHT are detected at what gestational age | 10-12 weeks
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| use of a metal coil and ultrasound heat to scar the fallopian tube as a form of birth control | Essure
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| use of electricity to detroy the endometrial tissue | endometrial ablation
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| anti estrogen, used to treat estrogen sensitive tumors | Tamoxifen
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| estrogen based birth control | ortho evra; ortho trycycline; nuva ring
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| progesterone based birth control | depo provera; nexplanon; mini pill
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| stimulates ovulation | clomid
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| recommended age of first PAP | 21
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| Pap smear should be done how often with no risk factors | every three years
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