Basic Medical terminology-trouble terms
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| Kerat- | Horny layer of skin (keratin)
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| Melan/o | Black
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| Trich/o | Hair
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| Burs/o | Sac of fluid near joint (bursa)
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| Erg/o | Work
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| Synovial/i | Synovial fluid; used as lubricant in joint, tendon sheath or bursa
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| Ton/o | Pressure / tone
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| Phren/o | Diaphragm
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| Phrenic/o | Phrenic nerve
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| Spir/o | Breathing
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| Lymph/o | Lymph or lymphatic system
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| Lymphaden/o | Lymph node
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| Lymphangi/o | Lymphatic vessel
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| Thrombocyt/o | Platelet/ thrombocyte
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| Thym/o | Thymus gland
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| Chol/e, Chol/o | Bile,gall
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| Cholangi/o | Bile duct
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| Cholecyst/o | Gall bladder
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| Choledoch/o | Common bile duct
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| Lab/i | Lip
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| Sial/o | Saliva
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| Proct/o | Rectum
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| Cali/a | Calyx
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| Glomerul/o | Glomerulus
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| Pyel/o | Renal pelvis
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| Vesic/o | Urinary bladder
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| Epididym/o | Epididymis
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| Osche/o | Scrotum
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| Semin/o | Semen
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| Sperm/o, spermat/o | Semen, spermatozoa
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| Vas/o | Vas deferens, ductus deferens, also vessel/duct
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| Vesicul/o | Seminal vesicle
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| Colp/o | Vagina
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| Episi/o | Vagina
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| Metr/o or metr/i | Uterus
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| Ov/o or ovul/o | Egg cell (ovum)
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| Adrenocortic/o | Adrenal cortex
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| Hypophys/o | Pituitary gland
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| Insul/o | Pancreatic islets
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| Cortic/o | Cerebral cortex or outer portion
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| Gangli/o, ganglion/o | Ganglion
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| Gli/o | Neuroglia cells; means glue like
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| Medull/o | Inner section,middle,soft,marrow (medulla)
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| Narc/o | Stupor, numbness, sleep
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| Radical/o | Spinal nerve root
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| Dextr/o | Right
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| Dacryocyst/o | Lacrimal sac
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| Myring/o | Tympanic membrane
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| Phak/o, phac/o | Lens
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| Tympan/o | Middle ear (tympanic cavity or membrane)
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| -desis | Binding, fusion
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| -tome | Instrument for incision
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| -tripsy | Crushing
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| Proximal | Nearer the point of attachment or to a given reference point
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| Superficial (external) | Closer to the body's surface
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| Cell membrane | Forms boundary of the cell
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| Cytoplasm | Body of cell
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| Chromosones | Located in nucleus, contains genes
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| Epithelial tissue | Found in skin, lining if the blood vessels,intestinal, urinary tracts, and other body tissue
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| RNA | Ribonucleic acid; located in nucleus, is transcribed from DNA, and plays crucial role in protein synthesis
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| Mitosis | Cells divide and multiply to form two cells
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| Dorsal cavity | Contains cranial and spinal cavities
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| Mucous membrane | Line the interior walls of organs and tubes opening to the outside of the body; composed of epithelium and laminate propria
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| Serous membrane | Lines cavities including the thoracic cavity and internal organs (including abdomen and heart)
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| Synovial membrane | Lines joint cavities and secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the joint
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| Meninges | Found in dorsal cavity and serves as protective covering of brain and spinal cord
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| Cutaneous membrane | Lines the outside of the body; the skin
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| Integumentary system | Hair, skin, and nails; work as protection, temp regulation, fluid balance, and sensation
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| Musculoskeletal system | Muscles, bones, tendons, joints, and ligaments; provide movement, form, strength and protection
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| Cardiovascular system | Heart and blood vessels; moves blood throughout the body providing nutrients and oxygen to all organs
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| Lymphatic system | Lymph vessels and lymph nodes; collects excess fluid from in between tissues and returns it to the heart
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| Respiratory system | Nose, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and their smaller branches, lungs, and alveoli
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| Digestive system | Feeding tube from mouth to anus; mechanically and chemically breaks down food for absorption into the blood stream
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| Urinary system | Key structures are kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra; produces urine for excretion of metabolic waste, and fluid/electrolyte balance
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| Reproduction system (male) | Testes, epididymis, scrotum, penis, prostrate gland, seminal vesicles, Cowper's glands, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra; AIDS in production and travel of sperm
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| Reproduction system (female) | Vulva, labia majora and minora, clitoris, external opening of vagina (introitus), urinary meatus, Skene's glands, Bartholin's glands, vagina, uterus, Fallopian tubes, and ovaries; ovum production and houses, feeds, and protects growing fetus
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| Nervous system | Central and peripheral nervous systems; regulates body functions and provides internal communication between brain and organs and between organism and environment.
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| Endocrine system | Glands; secretes directly into blood stream; each gland has a unique job
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| Hematologic system | Red and white blood cells, plasma, and platelets; blood fight infection, carry oxygen, control bleeding, while plasma carries blood cells, nutrients, enzymes, and hormones
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| Immune system | B-cells and T-cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils; the body's defense system
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| Stratus granulosum | Granular layer of cells (they accumulate keratohyaline and lamellated cells
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| Stratum spinosum | Composed of prickled cells
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| Stratum basale (stratum germinativum) | Deepest of the five layers, made of basal cells
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| Stratum corneum | Outermost layer; also called horny layer
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| Stratum lucidum | Clear layer (palms and soles)
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| Stratum papillare | Thin superficial layer interlocked with epidermis
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| Stratum reticulare | Thick layer of dense, irregular connective tissue
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| Superficial fascia | Fibrous connective tissue
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| Decubitus | Bed sore/pressure ulcer
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| Ecchymosis | Condition in which blood seeps through skin; causes discoloration
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| Melanin | Pigment giving skin its color
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| Pediculous | Live infestation
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| Tinea | Ringworm; fungal infection of the skin
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| Papilla | Bulb-like projection at base of a hair follicle containing blood supply to the root
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| 3 layers of keratin | Medulla, cortex, and cuticle
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| Closed fracture | Does not break skin
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| Compound fracture | Projects through skin with possible infection
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| Communicated fracture | More than 2 separate components-segmental fracture, bony fragments
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| Transverse fracture | Breaks shaft of bone across longitudinal axis
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| Green stick fracture | Only one side of shaft is broken, other is bent; common in children
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| Spiral fracture | Spread along length of bone and produced by twisting stress
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| Colles' fracture | Occurs in wrist and affects distal radius bone
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| Compression fracture | Vertebrae collapse due to trauma, tumor or osteoporosis
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| Epiphyseal fracture | Occurs when matrix is calcifying and chondrocytes are dying; usually seen in children
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