psychological disorders,stress,treatment
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| Stress | any circumstance that threaten or are perceived to threaten ones well being and tax ones coping abilities
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| types of stress | frustration,conflict,change,pressure
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| Frustration | pursuit of ones goal is blocked,everyday hassels,brief and not terribly important
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| change | requires readjustment of ones life,habits. caused by positive and negativve events.
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| pressure | expectations or demands to perform a certain way, usually time restrained
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| conflict | when two or more impulses compete for expression
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| types of conflict | approach-approach:choice to be made bwtn 2 attractive goals. avoidance-avoidance:choice to be made bwtn 2 unattractive goals. approach-avoidance:choice to be made whether to pursue a goal that has both attractive and unattractive aspects
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| role conflicts | reflect disagreements or friction bwtn expectations about how one should behave
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| conflict bwtn person and role: | occurs when a person is faced with a role that is incompatible with a persons attitude or personality. ex. a normally quiet and unassertive student is elected to student body president.
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| intrarole conflict: | refers to conflict within a role. ex: parents deal with intrarole conflict as it is often difficult to disciplineand be a friend to their child at the same time.
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| interrole conflict | tension bwtn two different roles that must be played at the same time. ex:children may find themselves playing parent to aging parents,though they are still treated as sons and daughters.
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| responses to stress: | emotional,physiological,behavioral
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| emotional response: | annoyance,anger,apprehension,anxiety,fear,sadness,grief. can affect memory,attention,judgement and decision making.
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| physiological responses: | brain pathways involved in stress responce. heart rate,hormones etc.
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| Selye explained stress reactions in terms of: | general adaptation syndrome
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| three stages of gas | alarm,resistance,exhaustion
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| alarm | stage 1: physiological response to threatening stimulus
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| resistance | stage 2: organism adapts to threat physiological changes stabilize
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| exhaustion | stage 3: the bodys resources become taxed,organism collapses from exhaustion
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| behavioral response | trying to cope with stress. coping strategies could be good or bad for you. ex. blame oneself,give up,act aggressively,addictions
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| external loc | is when people believe that events occure because of uncontrollable factors that are external to them.
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| internal loc | is when people believe that they are in control
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| loc | influences out perception of and our dealing with stress and stressful events
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| sympathetic nervous system | is a network of nerves that prepares the organs for rigorous activity. increases blood pressure,respiration(flight or flight response)
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| parasympathetic nervous system | facilitates vegetative,nonemergency responses by the organs. dominant during our relaxed stages.
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| hpa axis | the hypothalumus,pituitary gland and adrenal cortex
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| adrenocorticotropic hormone(acth) | stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.
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| cortisol | helps the body mobilize energy to fight a difficult situation
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| most important element of the immune system | leukocytes
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| in response to an infection,leukocytes and other cells produce small proteins called | cytokines
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| cytokines | are the the immune systems way of telling the brain that the body is sick. they produce symptoms of being sick.
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| posttraumatic stress disorder(ptsd) | occurs in some people after terrifying experiences.
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| ptsd victims show lower than normal what? | cortisol levels
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| sapolsky(1988) | argues that the nature of todays crisis are more prolonged
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| explanations of mental illness | biological,psychological,supernatural
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| biological | abnormal behavior approached like disease,physical cause,malfunction of the brain
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| psychological explanation | fear,anxiety,frustration cause mental illness
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| supernatural | mysterious forces such as demons,spirits,devil. magic,exorcism,bloodlettiing,trepanation,witch hunts.
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| medical model of mental illness | the idea that abnormal behavior is a disease.
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| people with mental disorders | a diagnosis is made,a etiology is sought, and prognosis is made
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| transvestic fetihism | sexual and gender identity disorder, men like to dress like women.
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| deviant | different from normal/cultural standards)the behavior is
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| maladaptive | having negative consequences for social,occupational functioning the behavior is
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| distressing | subjectively painful the behavior is for the individual
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| diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th ed. | book of recognied disorders
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| anxiety disorders | disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety
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| generalized anxiety disorder | chronic "free floating anxiety" about nearly everything.experience trembling,diarrea,dizziness
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| phobic disorder | specific focus of fear;irrational, no real threat
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| panic disorder and agoraphobia | paralyzing attacks of anxiety,may lead to agoraphobia
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| obsessive compulsive disorder(0cd) | obsessive thoughts,compulsive actions
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| posttraumatic stress disorder | psychological disturbance due to major traumatic events
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| somatoform disorders | physical ailments caused by psychological factors/disturbances, as they cannot be explained b organi conditions.
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