Chapter 1: What is Cognitive Psychology?
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| show | The branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind.
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| show | 1860-1870s: Psychophysics (Fechner, Weber),
1868: Donder's Pioneering Experiment
1879: Wundt's psych lab at Leipzig
1885: Ebbinghaus' Memory Experiments
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| In 1868, | show 🗑
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| What did Donders' experiment acheive? | show 🗑
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| show | Overall experience is determined by combining basic elements of experienced called sensations. The goal was to describe irreducible structures that comprised thought.
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| show | He hoped to create a "periodic table of the mind", which included all the basic sensations. He did this through analytic introspection.
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| What is analytic introspection? | show 🗑
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| What was Ebbinghaus' Memory experiment? | show 🗑
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| How is savings calculated? | show 🗑
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| show | It shows that memory drops rapidly for the first 2 days after initial learning and then levels off.
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| show | Functionalism: an emphasis on function of mental processes and not structures.
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| Why did John Watson found behaviourism as a reaction to analytic introspection? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) Focus only on the observable
2) Explain only behaviour and not internal states e.g. thoughts
3) Theories should be parsimonious
4) Goal: Break down behaviour into irreducible structures.
Emphasis on classical conditioning to explain all
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| show | He introduced operant conditioning, showing that reinforcing a rat with food for pressing a bar maintained or increased the rat's rate of bar pressing.
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| show | The rat was placed at one in the maze and food in another end of the maze. After the rat learnt to turn right, he placed the rat at a different end of the maze. Interestingly, the rat turned a different direction to reach the food.
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| show | When the rat initially experienced the maze, it was developing a cognitive map of the maze. Thus even though the rat had been rewarded for turning right, its mental maze indicated it should turn left to reach the food.
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| What was the argument between B.F. Skinner and Noam Chomsky on the former's book Learning Behaviour? | show 🗑
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| What is the information-processing approach? | show 🗑
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| show | Representations of structures or processes that help us cisualize or explain the structure or process.
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| show | Representations of a physical structure.
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| What are process models? | show 🗑
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