ch 18 bleeding and shock
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| What describes a state of collapse and failure of the cardiovascular system in which blood circulation slows and eventually ceases | shock
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| The upper and lower portions of the heart are seperated by what | atrioventricular valves
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| What is located between the ventricules and the arteries into which they pump blood | semiluner valves
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| The pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must pump blood is called what | afterload
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| A higher afterload therfore reduces what | stroke volume
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| what is the amount of blood ejected per contraction | stroke volume
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| cardiac out put is = to what | stroke volume x pulse rate
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| Increased venous return to the heart stretches the ventricles somewhat, resulting in what | increased cardiac contractility
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| The theroy that when the heart is stretched it will contract more forecfully is known as the | starling law of the heart
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| Although the amount of blood returning to the right atrium varies somewhat from minute to minute, a normal heart continues to pumop the same % of blood returned. This is called | the ejection fraction
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| What is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells current needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal | perfusion
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| The heart needs ___________ perfusion, or it will not function properly | constant
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| the adult male body contains how many ml of blood per kilo | 70ml
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| the adult female body contains how many ml of blood per kilo | 65ml
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| The body can not tolerate an acute blood loss of more the _____% the total blood volume | 20%
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| When platelets aggregate at the site of a cut vessel plugging the hole and sealing the injured portion of the blood vessel, this is called what | hemostasis
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| The passage of dark terry stoles is known as what | melena
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| The passage of stools containing bright red blood is called | hematochezia
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| In any patient with unexplained shock you should always suspect what type of shock | hypovolemic shock
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| In an effort to maintain circulation of blood to the brain, your body will shunt blood from what tissues. List them in order from first to last | Placenta, skin, muscles, gut, kidneys, liver, heart, lungs
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| the most common cause of exogenous hypovolemic shock is what | external bleeding
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| the most common cause of endogenous hypovolemic shock is what | internal bleeding
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| the body can only handle _________ _________ for a limited amount of time. | anaerobic metabolism
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| During anearobic metabolism, incomplete ______ _______ ______ leadts to an acumulation of pyruvic acid | glucose break down
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| what aqre the 3 successive phases of shock | compensated, decompensated, and irreversible
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| The earliest stage of shock in which the body can still compensate for blood loss is known as | Compensated shock
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| A stage of shock where the a BP starts to fall is what | decompensated
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| When shock progresses to a terminal stage of shock | IRREVERSIBLE
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| What are probably the 2 earliest signs of shock | restlessness and anxiety
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| what may be the last measurable factor to change in shock | BP
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| Infants and children can maintain BP until they loose ~ how much of their blood volume | half
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| what causes weak and thready pules | when the vessels are now very narrow and not much volume is moving through them
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| To determine how well the vital organs are being profused you must rely on the patients what | state of consciousness
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