A cumulative run through physics in Radiology
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| show | Operating Console, X-Ray Tube and High Voltage Generator
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| show | Voltage
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| What two separate circuits is the autotransformer used to supply power to | show 🗑
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| The process of heating the x-ray tube filament so that electrons can be boiled off is know as what | show 🗑
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| Filaments normally operate at currents of how many amps | show 🗑
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| Examination tables are made of what strong, radiolucent material | show 🗑
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| show | Filament
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| show | Step-Down
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| show | High Voltage Transformer, Filament Transformer and Rectifiers
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| Rectification is accomplished with the use of what | show 🗑
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| Does half-wave rectification require half the exposure time as full-wave rectification | show 🗑
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| Is the x-ray tube a type of diode | show 🗑
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| A three-phase twelve-pulse power has how much voltage ripple | show 🗑
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| show | 14%
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| A high-frequency generator has how much voltage ripple | show 🗑
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| show | 100%
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| What are the five types of exposure timers | show 🗑
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| Which exposure timer uses an ionization chamber to terminate exposure | show 🗑
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| show | Supporting wires, Focusing Cup, Filament, Window, Rotating Anode, Stater Coils, Target, Roter and Glass Envelope
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| show | Solid State Radiation Detector
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| Which exposure timer is based on the frequency of AC supplied to the imaging system | show 🗑
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| Using a single-phase power, half-wave rectification results in how many x-ray pulses each second | show 🗑
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| show | 120
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| Thermionic emission produces a cloud of electrons around the filament known as what | show 🗑
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| The main advantage of a rotating anode over a stationary anode is what | show 🗑
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| Once the filament current is high enough for thermionic emission, a small/large rise in filament current results in a small/large rise in tube current | show 🗑
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| When imaging x-table lateral spines, one should use which focal spot | show 🗑
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| show | Electrical Conductor, Mechanical Support and Thermal Dissipator
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| X-ray tubes in mammography have targets made of either what two materials | show 🗑
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| The anode of a high-capacity tube rotates at how many RPM's | show 🗑
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| The rotating anode is powered by what | show 🗑
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| show | High atomic number, Thermal conductivity and High melting point
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| show | 100
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| show | Insulator and Thermal Cushion
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| show | Glass(Pyrex) or Metal
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| What is the melting point of tungsten | show 🗑
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| What element is added to tungsten to increase the efficiency of the filament | show 🗑
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| The cathode is the negative side of the x-ray tube and contains what two primary parts | show 🗑
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| X-rays emitted through the window are called what | show 🗑
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| The focusing cup sustains what type of charge | show 🗑
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| The x-ray tube is: a vacuum tube, a type of transistor, or a diode | show 🗑
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| Target angles may vary from what to what degrees | show 🗑
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| The heel effect results in less radiation on which side of the x-ray beam | show 🗑
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| Should one use the maximum technique in order to warm a cold anode | show 🗑
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| What are two causes of tube failure | show 🗑
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| show | Effective focal spot/Actual Focal Spot
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| show | Greater
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| show | Extends the size of the focal spot, increases skin dose modestly and reduces image contrast
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| Most of the causes of x-ray tube failure are related to what | show 🗑
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| A magnetic field is created any time what type of particle is in motion | show 🗑
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| show | To convert mechanical energy into electricity
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| show | To convert electricity into mechanical energy
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| A current carrying coil of wire is known as what | show 🗑
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| Placing an iron core into a current carrying coil of wire would turn the device into what | show 🗑
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| An electric current is induced in a circuit if some part of that circuit is in what type of magnetic field | show 🗑
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| show | The velocity of the magnetic field to the conductor, the magnetic field strength, the angle of the conductor to the magnetic field and the number of turns in the coil.
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| The autotransformer operates on what principle | show 🗑
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| A regular step-up or step-down transformer operates on what principle | show 🗑
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| What are the three main causes of transformer inefficiency | show 🗑
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| show | AC/DC
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| show | Air can cause electrons to scatter, reducing the efficiency of the beam production
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| What causes an "open filament" | show 🗑
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| How much more area does a rotating anode provide to interact with the electron beam than a stationary anode | show 🗑
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| Tube current is adjusted by controlling what circuit | show 🗑
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| What are the SI units of magnetic field strength | show 🗑
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| show | Closed-Core, Autotransformer and shell-type
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| A step-up transformer results in an increase in what | show 🗑
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| A step-down transformer results in an increase in what | show 🗑
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| show | Thermal(Infared Radiation) and Electromagnetic (X-rays)
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| show | Voltage and Current
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| Using three-phase power is equivalent to a what percent increase in kVp over single phase equipment | show 🗑
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| show | 16%
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| What effect does added filtration have on the x-ray beam | show 🗑
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| Only what shell x-rays of tungsten are useful for imaging | show 🗑
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| show | electrons/x-rays
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| The roentgen is a measure of the number of what produced in air by a quantity of x-rays | show 🗑
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| show | CurrentxSeconds(mAs)
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| show | kVp, mAs, Filtration and Distance
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| show | Penetration
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| show | 15%
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| show | kVp and filtration
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| Rectification | show 🗑
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| show | The radiation that escapes from the tube housing
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| show | 3. Electrons that bounce off of the focal spot and strike other areas of the target causing x-rays to be produced outside of the focal spot.
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| show | The "boiling off" of electrons from the filament
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| Half-Value Layer | show 🗑
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| Proton | show 🗑
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| show | A particle located inside the nucleus of an atom that has no charge.
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| Electron | show 🗑
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| show | The total number of protons an element has, which consequently defines what the chemical element is.
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| show | The release of an electron by an orbiting shell
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| Rem | show 🗑
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| show | "Radiation absorbed dose" the absorbed amount of radiation by any object
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| show | The amount of radiation that is traveling through the air
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| show | The transfer of energy by the ionization of atoms
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| show | the emission of particles or energy from an atom
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| Alpha particle | show 🗑
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| Beta particle | show 🗑
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| Photon | show 🗑
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| show | Frequency, wavelength, amplitude and velocity
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| show | Reduction in intensity resulting from scattering and absorption
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| show | Results in a change in direction without a change in energy. AKA classical scattering and occurs below 10 keV
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| show | The source of most occupational radiation exposure. An outer shell electron is struck and ejected (compton electron). The x-ray continues in a different direction with less energy, and it produces fog.
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| show | An inner orbital electron is struck and ejected, ionizing the atom. The energy is completely absorbed. Responsible for characteristic diagnostic image.
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| show | Creates two electrons, + and -. Energy is absorbed by the nucleus, but it must be at least 1.02 MeV
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| show | Only occurs above 10MeV. Energy is absorbed by the nucleus which emits a nuclear fragmant
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| Insulator | show 🗑
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| show | A material that exhibits no resistance below a critical temperature
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| Semiconductor | show 🗑
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| Conductor | show 🗑
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| show | Anything that hinders or opposes the electric current flow of charge particles
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| Radiopaque | show 🗑
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| show | A substance in which electromagnetic waves can travel through
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| Find the number of electrons in a shell | show 🗑
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| show | C= (wavelength)x(frquency)
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| Inverse square law | show 🗑
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| What is the smallest particle that has all the properties of an element | show 🗑
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| show | 8
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| A proton and neutron are how much larger than an electron | show 🗑
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| Who discovered x-rays and when | show 🗑
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| What is the largest source of natural environmental radiation | show 🗑
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| What is the largest source of man-made ionizing radiation | show 🗑
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| show | Atoms and Molecules
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| When x-rays were first discovered, what was their source | show 🗑
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| What are the types of energy | show 🗑
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| What does ALARA stand for | show 🗑
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| show | Voltage and Current
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| What are three primary radiation protection devices | show 🗑
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| show | Electromagnetic (x and gamma) and Particulate (alpha and beta)
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| show | Molecule
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| What are two factors that decrease the affinity of an electron to its element? How do they effect it? | show 🗑
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| At what speed does all electromagnetic radiation travel | show 🗑
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| What two natures does electromagnetic energy behave in | show 🗑
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| show | Particle
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| show | Inversely proportional
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| show | Electron
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| show | Repelled
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| If an object gains an electron does it become positively or negatively electrified | show 🗑
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| Can protons move freely from one atom to another | show 🗑
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| show | Induction, Friction and Contact
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| What is the electric charge of a coulomb | show 🗑
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| Do electric charges have potential energy | show 🗑
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| show | Voltage (Volts), Current (Amps) and Resistance (Ohms)
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| How is the volt meter connected to a circuit | show 🗑
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| How is an amp meter connected to a circuit | show 🗑
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| What type of circuit does voltage remain constant | show 🗑
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| What are the four factors that influence the resistance of a conductor | show 🗑
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| What are three devices that help protect against or minimize exposure to radiation | show 🗑
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| show | X-rays are emitted from the cloud of electrons, gamma rays are emitted from the nucleus.
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