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Chapters 7,8 and parts of 9,10, and 11

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Term
Definition
Learning   show
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show Assumes that the outcome of learning is a change in behavior  
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show Whenever 2 or more sensations occur together often enough, they become associated  
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Classical Conditioning   show
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Respondent   show
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Neutral Stimulus   show
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show No prior training or conditioning is needed to establish a connection  
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Unconditional Response   show
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show Prior training is required to establish a connection  
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show No elicited automatically  
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Operant Conditioning   show
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Reinforcer   show
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Positive Reinforcement   show
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Negative Reinforcement   show
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show Unpleasant stimulus  
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Punishment   show
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Type I Punishment   show
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Type II Punishment   show
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Continuous Reinforcement Schedule   show
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Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule   show
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Extinction   show
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Stimulus Control   show
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show Instructions that are concise, clear, and specific and that communicate an expected result  
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show The act of providing an antecedent just before a specific behavior is supposed to take place  
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show Application of behavioral learning principles to change behaviors  
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Differential Reinforcement   show
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Premack Principle   show
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Shaping/Successive Approximation   show
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show Determining the goal and then describing the steps it will take to reach that goal  
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Positive Practice   show
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Contingency Contract   show
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Token Reinforcement System   show
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Good Behavior Game   show
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show Base reinforcement on the behavior of the whole class  
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Reprimands   show
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Response Cost   show
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show A punishment that is a brief isolation from other people  
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Functional Behavioral Assessment   show
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show Part of what teachers develop in an intervention package  
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show Identify the context for student misbehavior, clearly specifying the alternative expected behavior, modifying the situation to make the problem behavior less likely, then rehearsing the expected positive behaviors in the new context  
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show Goal setting and making those goals public  
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Self-Reinforcement   show
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Social Learning Theory   show
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show Learning by doing and experiencing the consequences of your actions  
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Observational Learning   show
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Cognitive View   show
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Cognitive View of Learning   show
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Cognitive Science   show
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show The areas of the brain that fire both during perception of and action and when performing an action  
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show Pertains to a particular task or subject  
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show Applies to many different situations  
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show Human mind takes in information, performs operations on it to change its form and content, stores the information, retrieves it when needed and then generates a response  
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Sensory Memory   show
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show Process of detecting a stimulus and assigning meaning to it  
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show Stimulus must be analyzed into features or components and assembled into a meaningful pattern "from the bottom up"  
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show People's tendency to organize sensory information into patterns or relationships  
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Automaticity   show
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show The interface where new information is held temporarily and combined with knowledge from long term memory to solve problems  
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Short Term Memory   show
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show Controls the attention, Supervises attention, makes plans, decides what information to retrieve, allocates resources  
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show Holds sound information  
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show Visual and Spacial information  
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Episodic Buffer   show
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Cognitive Load   show
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Intrinsic   show
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Extraneas   show
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show Deep processing of relevant information  
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Maintenance Rehersal   show
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Elaboration Rehersal   show
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Levels of Processing Theory   show
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show Processing new information gets confused with old information  
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show Holds information that is well learned, such as the names of people that you know  
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show Knowing that something is the case  
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Procedural   show
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show Knowing how to manage your learning  
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show Can be recalled and conscious concidered  
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Implicit Memory   show
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show Memory for meaning, mostly for words  
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Propositional Networks   show
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Images   show
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show Information is stored in long-time memory as either visual images or verbal units  
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show Mental representation used to group similar events, ideas, objects or people into a category  
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show The best representation of a theory  
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Exemplar   show
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Schemas   show
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show Helps students understand and remember stories  
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show About events that we have experienced  
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show Memories that are dramatic or emotional  
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Procedural Memory   show
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show Action sequences/ plans for actions that are stored in memory  
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Productions   show
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Spreading Activation   show
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show Imagining hanging memories in a familiar place in order to remember them  
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show Remembering the beginning and end but not the middle  
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Massed Practice   show
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Automated Basic Skills   show
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Domain Specific Strategies   show
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Social Learning Theory   show
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show Keeps emphasis on role of others as models/teachers but includes thinking, believing, expecting, anticipating, self-regulating and making comparisons and judgements  
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Triarchic Reciprocal Causality   show
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Vicarious Reinforcement   show
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Self-Reinforcement   show
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Self-Efficacy   show
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show The ability to make intentional choices and plans, design appropriate courses for action, motivate and regulate the plan  
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show Our own, direct experiences  
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show Someone else models accomplishments  
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Social Persuasion   show
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Embodied Cognition   show
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show How individuals use information, resources, and help from others to improve mental models and problem solving  
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show Increasing abilities to participate with others in activities that are meaningful in the culture  
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First Wave Constructivism   show
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Radical Constructivism   show
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Appropriating   show
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Second Wave Constructivism   show
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Constructionism   show
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show Learning in the real world is different than studying in school  
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show Deal with fuzzy, ill structured problems  
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show Commitment to build shared meaning by finding common ground and exchanging interpretations  
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Spiral Curriculum   show
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Problem Based Learning   show
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