sensation and perception
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| sensation | stimulation of sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory info to the CNS (automatic) (receiving stimulation)
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| psychophysics | the relationship between physical stimulation and psychological effects.
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| how does the energy of an action get to the CNS? | energy>receptor cell>transduction>neural impulse>CNS
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| transduction | converting stimulus into electrochemical energy
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| what can psychophysics be affected by? | culture
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| perception | how we interpret our sensations
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| bottom-up processing | recognize an object by its component parts; relies on sensory receptors
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| top-down processing | identify by brain recognition; EXPERIENCE
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| do young people do more bottom-up or top-down processing and why? | more bottom-up because they don't have enough experience, and top-down relies on experience
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| how does perception develop? | through learning and experience
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| what are the different types of selective attention? | filter theories, attentional resource theories, inattentional blindness, and change blindness
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| filter theories | things that pass through at a higher level than our receptors to get attention such as your name, alarms, aroama
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| attentional resource theories | only a fixed amount of attention divided up as required in a situation
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| inattentional blindness | failing to see visible objects when attentionis directed elswhere (mgi
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| change blindness | failing to notice change in the environment.
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| absolute threshold | the minimum intensity to produce a sensation (50% of the time)
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| difference threshold | minimum amount of difference that can be detected between 2 stimuli (it must affect receptor cells 50% of the time)
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| another name for difference threshold | JND=just noticeable difference
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| weber's law | the greater the stimulus, the larger the difference must be to be noticed
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| sensory adaption | the unconscious temporary change to environmental stimuli; automatic process in our senses
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| what are we more sensitive to | low levels of stimulation
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| what are we less sensitive to | constant stimulation and when overall stimulation is high
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| habituation | proceses by which we become used to stimuli
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| example of habituation | clock ticking, AC (you can choose to be conscious, but also become unconscious)
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| dishabituation | change in the stimulus or our change in awareness causes us to notice it again
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| example of dishabituation | if misty is laying on my stomach and she stands up then that is dishabituated. btw you can't have dishabituation without habituation. you have to get used to it so it can be unnoticed.
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| receptive field | area from which our receptor cells receive input
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| examples of what receptor neurons are designed to respond to | the environment; ears respond to soundwaves, eyes respond to lightwaves
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| sensory coding | process where receptors convey a range of info to the brain
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| if there is more pressure or area involved in the sensation, then... | there are more neurons firing, firing rapidly
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| single-cell recording | the measuring of firing rate and pattern of receptor cells in response to varying sensory input
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| spacial and temporal part of single-cell recording | how many fire; pattern of firing
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| signal detection theory | distinguishing stimulus by its intensity and the our physical state (setting, mood, motivation, experience)
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| examples of signal detection theory | being able to focus on studying with loud background noise, ability to tell if cooking needs more sweet/saltiness
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