Social Influence
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| In Milgram's first study of obedience, the majority of "teachers" who were ordered to shock a "learner" did what? | complied fully and delivered the highest level of shock
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| The tendency for people to exert less effort when they are working in a group is known as what? | social loafing
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| What psychologist conducted the study where the participants were pressured to conform to the group opinion in ranking the length of lines? | Solomon Asch
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| What is conformity? | the tendency to change one's thinking or behavior to coincide with a group standard
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| What is normative social influence? | refers to the pressure on individuals to conform to avoid rejection or gain social approval
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| What does normative mean? | based on a norm, or pattern, regarded as typical for a specific group
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| What is informational social influence? | results when one is willing to accept others' opinions about reality
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| What is social facilitation? | stronger performance of simple or well-learned tasks that occurs when other people are present
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| What is deindividuation? | refers to the loss of self-restraint and self-awareness that sometimes occurs in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
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| What is group polarization? | refers to the enhancement of a group's prevailing tendencies through discussion, which often has the effect of accentuating the group's differences from other groups
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| What is groupthink? | refers to the unrealistic thought processes and decision making that occur within groups when the desire for group harmony overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
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| The psychological tendencies of self-justification, conformity, and group polarization foster the development of the "team spirit" mentality known as _________. | groupthink
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| What conditions increased conformity in Asch's studies of conformity? | the group had three or more people; the group had high status; individuals were made to feel more insecure
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| Subjects in Asch's conformity experiment with lines conformed to the group standard when their judgments were observed by others but not when they were made in private which demonstrates what? | normative social influence
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| What most accurately states the effects of crowding on behavior? | crowding sometimes intensifies people's reactions
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| What is the most likely to promote groupthink? | when group polarization is evident
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| Research has found that for a minority to succeed in swaying a majority, the minority must do what? | express its position as consistently as possible
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| What is the phenomenon in which individuals lose their identity and relinquish normal restraints when they are part of a group? | deindividuation
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| When is an individual more likely to conform? | when the group is unanimous
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