Unit 5-Agriculture
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| purposely raising a crop or animal for human use | agriculture
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| When people started deliberately raising plants or animals | agricultural revolution
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| Preparing, planting, caring for, and harvesting a plant crop, | cultivation
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| Modifying a plant or animal species through selective breeding so that it becomes dependent on humans. | domestication
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| Where is the hearth for potatoes? | Latin America
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| What are the major hearths for plant crops? | Latin America, Southwest Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, Southeast Asia
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| Where is the hearth for wheat? | Southwest Asia
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| Where is the hearth for rice? | East Asia
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| Where is the hearth for coconuts? | Southeast Asia
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| Where is the hearth of coffee? | Sub-Saharan Africa
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| When people started to use machines in farming in the early 1800s that continued into the 20th century. | Second Agricultural Revolution
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| Presents a range of choices in choosing which crops are better suited for the environment. | Climate
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| Increases the availability of choices through machinery, irrigation, etc., and also shapes the style of agriculture. | Wealth
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| Preferences based on customs, religion, social norms, etc. | Culture
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| Three factors that cause the variation of Agriculture | Climate, wealth, culture
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| A type of agriculture in which people herd domesticated animals by moving them from pastor to pastor | pastoral nomadism
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| A type of culture in which people change the activity of one field to another to prevent the overuse of nutrients | shifting cultivation
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| the act of preparing a field by clearing them and lighting on fire. | slash and burn
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| A type of fields that are farmed for a small amount of time and left alone to restore nutrients and fertility. | fallow fields
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| A type of agriculture that requires a large amount of work to produce a lot of food from a small amount of land. | intensive subsistence
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| The act of planting and harvesting two crops in the same year on the same field. | double cropping
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| A type of agriculture that is practiced in areas that are dryer | intensive subsistence
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| A type of agriculture that grows one or two crops for commercial purposes. Often people are hired as laborers and owners are commercial contractors. | plantation
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| The five major types of agriculture found in developing regions | Pastoral nomadism, Shifting cultivation, Intensive subsistence, Intensive subsistence, Plantation
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| The six types of agriculture found in developed regions | Mixed crop and livestock, Dairy farming, Commercial gardening and fruit farming, Grain farming, Mediterranean agriculture, Livestock ranching
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| The thesis that states as population grows, farmers are forced to adopt more intensive methods to meet the demands | Boserup's thesis
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| Farmers need supplies such as fertilizer, machinery, productive seeds and pesticides to increase food production | Balancing Food and Trade
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| To earn a sufficient amount of money farmers may send some family members to take jobs in the city to send money back, make crafts, or plant cash crops. | Methods of Getting Cash
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| If there is more land spent to grow cash crops, there is less land for food crops to be grown on. | the dilemma of growing cash and food crops
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| The act of producing more food than demand calls for. | overproduction
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| Make foreign markets more available | how to deal with overproduction
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| The black market, corruption, violence, and organized crime and drug-trafficking is a consequence of... | drug crops being the best cash crop
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| This diagram dimistrates how the cost of land decrease the farther away one is from the market | von Thunen model
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| The maximum distance a crop can be transported and still be sold to make a profit. | transportation threshold
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| Occurred from the 1950s-to the 1980s; the invention and rapid diffusion of productive agricultural techniques such as plant hybridization and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. | Green Revolution
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| genetically modified organisms | GMOs
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| Seeds are owned by the creator, farmers have to buy new seeds every year, and agribusiness | Legal issues created by GMOs
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| Cheap food with a lot of mass consumption | sustainability
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| Water pollution, use of antibiotics and hormones, and resource use | Sustainability concerns
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| The township and range system | Land Ordinance of 1785
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| 1-square mile parcels | sections
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| 36 section square | township
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| A survey system in which natural features are used to demarcate individual parcels of land. Creates an irregular pattern of land division | metes and bound
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| Skinny, linear rectangles were the shape for land so water could be accessible to a lot of people | long lot system
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