psy307evol ch11p338-354
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| A majority of rapists (life-history strategy) | show high penile tumescence, hostile masculinity, early sexual activity, nonsexual crimes
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| mate deprivation hypothesis (unsupported) | men with sexual access deprivation more likely to use sexually aggressive tactics (conditional mating strategy)
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| high self-perceived mating success score | tended to score high on measures of sexual aggression
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| men who commit sexual assault | report a higher number of lifetime sexual partners
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| partner rape sperm competition hypothesis | men who suspect their wives of infidelity force sex in order to combat the sperm from competing males
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| some partner rapists score high on psychopathy | supporting the life-history theory of individual differences in rape proclivity
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| men who believe themselves to be equal or higher in mate value and perceive partner infidelity may | resort to sexually coercive tactics
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| rape costs | interference with mate choice, unwanted pregnancy, victim blame or punishment, regular mate abandonment
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| psychological costs of rape | humiliation, anxiety, fear, rage and depression
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| antirape adaptations | protective male alliances, physically and socially dominant mate choice, female protective coalitions, avoiding risky ovulation activities, psychological pain to avoid future rapes
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| bodyguard hypothesis | mate selection based on qualities of men such as physical size and social dominance that deter other men from sexual aggression
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| female strategies to avoid rape | avoid strange or dangerous men, appearing sexually receptive, and being alone; being prepared and aware of surroundings
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| threats to mate retention | mate poachers, infidelity
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| defenses to fend off mate poachers and infidelity | jealousy: sensitize to unfaithful circumstances, act to curtail spouse's contact with other men, try to fulfill spouse's desires, fend off rivals
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| cuckolded male | risks investing in other man's child and losing status and reputation
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| men's jealousy | focus on potential sexual contact spouse might have with another man; emphasize cues of sexual infidelity
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| women's jealousy | focus on long-term diversion of a man's commitments, such as becoming emotionally involved with another woman
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| men and women have opposite patterns of response to | emotional and sexual infidelity
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| The double-shot hypothesis (two-for-one hypothesis) | sex differences in feelings of sexual jealousy are due to beliefs and have not evolved
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| double-shot beliefs | Placing importance on different aspects of relationships explains why men and women may be upset by different types of sexual jealousy differently.
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| domain general social-cognitive jealousy mechanism premice | not sex-differentiated design feature in underlying psychology
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| evolutionary adaptations (ex. hunger) effected by | cognitive load (hissing snake)
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| manipulations of cognitive load cannot | rule out the operation of evolved mechanisms
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| men have more difficulty in forgiving | a sexual than an emotional infidelity and are more likely to terminate a relationship after a sexual than an emotional infidelity
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| men have better recall of cures, involuntarily focus and show faster decision times to cues to | sexual than emotional infidelity
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| men show greater fMRI activation | in the amygdala and hypothalamus (sexuality and aggression)
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| women show greater fMRI activation | in the posterior superior sulcus (inferring partners thoughts and intentions)
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| men's jealousy is especially attuned to rivals who have | status and resources
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| women's jealousy is especially attuned to rivals who are | physically attractive
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| tall men tend to be less jealous than | short men (lower mate value)
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| women of average height tend to be less jealous than | tall or short women
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| men display a greater | infidelity overperception bias (error management bias)
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| jealousy behavioral output | deter mate poachers, determine infidelity, low odds of defection
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| tactics of mate retention used more by men | concealment of mates, threats and violence (against mates and rivals), resource display, submission and self-abasement
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| tactics of mate retention used more by women | enhance appearance and induce jealousy (motivate to be more possessive)
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| the less involved partner is generally | more desirable and less likely to intentionally provoke jealousy
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| wife's youthfulness and physical attractiveness positively linked to | men's mate-guarding tactics
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| men (especially low on good genes) will increase their mate-retention efforts | when their partners are ovulating
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| high income and status striving of husband linked to | higher levels of mate-retention tactics performed by women
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| men married to younger, more fertile women devote more effort | to mate retention (partner concealment, emotional manipulation, verbal signals of possession), possessive ornamentation (insisting she wear a ring), intrasexual threats, violence against rivals
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| men's mate-retention tactics related to perceptions of | their partner's physical attrativenes
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| men (especially those of low status) increase mate retention efforts and mate guarding when | partner ovulating
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| women married to men with higher incomes reported | greater vigilance, violence toward partner, appearance enhancement, possessive ornamentation, submission and self-abasement
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| women married to men who devoted more effort to status striving reported | more emotional manipulation, resource display, appearance enhancement, verbal signals of possession, and possessive ornamentation
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| Taller (higher mate value) men perform | fewer mate retention tactics
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| men lower in mate value use more | cost-inflicting mate-retention tactics (insulting their partners to lower their self-esteem)
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| "Dark Triad" narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy) males tend to use | aggressive cost-inflicting mate-retention tactics
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| men use violence and threats as a strategy to | limit partner's autonomy, decreasing the odds of infidelity or defection
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| women who have left their husbands are at a higher risk of being killed than | women who remain with their husbands
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| threats may be seen as bluffing if | not occasionally followed up on
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