Anatomy SDL 6
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| show | on the 6th day when the blastocyst settles onto the uterine lining, and continues to the 10th day when the blastocyst is completely embedded in the endometrium.
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| show | As trophoblast cells contact the endometrium they differentiate into syncytiotrophoblast cells and cover the blastocyst.
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| What do Syncytiotorphoblast cells eventually make? | show 🗑
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| show | hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) which diffuses into maternal blood and acts on the corpus luteum in the ovary to maintain the pregnancy.
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| show | Sufficient hGC is produced by the second week to be detected and is the basis for most rapid pregnancy tests.
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| show | Isolated cavities that appear in the syncytiotrophoblast by day 10. The lacunae fill with maternal blood and eroded endometrial tissue. By day 12 the lacunae fuse, forming lacunar networks.
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| show | proliferate on day 13 forming extensions into the syncytiotrophoblast called primary chorionic villi.
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| show | the chorion, the foundation for the future placenta, and establish early maternal fetal nutrient exchange.
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| show | its regulated by prostoglandins, growth factors, nitric oxide, and uterine natural killer cells.
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| show | obstetrical complications including early pregnancy loss and preeclampsia.
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| show | on the superior anterior or superior posterior endometrial surface in the body of the uterus.
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| What are ectopic pregnancies? | show 🗑
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| show | Ectopic implantations mainly occur in the uterine tube (95%).
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| When can Ectopic pregnancies occur? | show 🗑
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| show | yes, can result in death of mother and fetus
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| show | Most won't: tubal, cervix, ovararian implantation. Sometimes abdominal pregnancies will work
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| show | At the beginning of the second week, the embryoblast consists of the epiblast and the hypoblast together forming a flat bilaminar embryonic disk.
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| What events occur in the second week? | show 🗑
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| show | It forms within the epiblast and will enlarge to become the amniotic cavity.
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| What does the amniotic membrane do? | show 🗑
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| How is the exocoelomic membrane made? | show 🗑
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| Where is the extraembryonic mesoderm made? What is it derived from? | show 🗑
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| show | Spaces begin to form in the extraembryonic mesoderm. These coalesse to form the chorionic or extraembryonic coelomic cavity. The cavity enlarges to surround the amnion and yolk sac leaving a connecting stalk attaching the disk to the chorion.
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| What does the connecting stalk become? | show 🗑
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| What are the three embryonic germ layers? | show 🗑
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| show | epithelium lining the respiratory and alimentary tracts including glands and associated organs (liver, pancreas).
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| Mesoderm gives rise to what? | show 🗑
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| Ectoderm gives rise to the what? | show 🗑
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| show | Gastrulation begins with formation of the primitive streak. The primitive streak is clearly seen on the epiblast as a groove. The cephalic end is slightly enlarged to form the primitive node.
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| show | cells begin proliferating; they separate from the epiblast and migrate inward (invaginate) between the epiblast and hypoblast.
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| Cells migrated through the primitive streak and form what two layers? | show 🗑
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| Gastrulation lasts how long? | show 🗑
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| What major entities control development? | show 🗑
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| show | Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) Hedgehog, wingless, transforming growth factor
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| show | neural tube, somite, gut and limb regional sequence patterning.
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| Describe WNT (Wingless ):? | show 🗑
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| show | cell division and migration, cell death.
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| show | Early in gastrulation, some of the newly formed endoderm cells migrate to the cranial end of the embryonic disk and fuse with the ectoderm to form the prechordal plate. This will become the oropharyngeal membrane and later the mouth).
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| show | Caudal to the primitive streak, endodermal cells fuse with the ectoderm to form the cloacal membrane (will become the anus).
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| How is the notochord made? | show 🗑
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| What does The notochord do? | show 🗑
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| What does the notochord induce The overlying ectoderm to differentiate into? | show 🗑
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| show | The paraxial mesoderm (close to the notochord), intermediate mesoderm (further from the notochord), and lateral mesoderm (continuous with the extraembryonic mesoderm).
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| What do Mesoderm that migrate on either side of the notochord do? | show 🗑
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| show | angiogenesis, limb, brain and axon growth
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