Nervous System Terms
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| Brain (CNS) | an intricate network of cells that plays a vital role in processing information received through nerve pathways from the body and ind directing actions within the body.
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| Spinal Cord (CNS) | a long, thin bundle of nerve tissue that extends from the base of the brain to the lower back
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| Somatic Nervous System (PNS) | a sub-division of the PNS that carries sensory and motor information to-and-from the CNS
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| Sensory Afferent Nerves (PNS) | receives sensory information from both the external and internal environments and carries it to the CNS
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| Motor Efferent Nerves (PNS) | carries messages from the central nervous system to the cells in skeletal muscles, organs and glands to stimulate activity
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| Autonomic Nervous System (PNS) | a self-regulating sub-division of the PNS that connects the CNS to the body's internal organs and glands, providing feedback to the brain about their activities
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| Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) | a sub-division of the autonomic nervous system that helps to maintain the internal body environment in a steady, balanced state of normal functioning
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| Sympathetic Nervous System (PNS) | a sub-division of the automatic nervous system that arouses the body for vigorous activity or to deal with a stressful or threatening situation
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| Axon (neuron) | a single, tubelike, extension that transmits neural information to other neuron cells
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| Axon Terminal (neuron) | structure at the end of an axon collateral
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| Dendrite (neuron) | thin extension of a neuron that receives information from neighbouring neurons and transmits it to the soma
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| Interneuron (neuron) | relays information between sensory and motor neurons
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| Motor Neuron (neuron) | carries messages from the CNS to the cells in skeletal muscles, organs nd glands to stimulate activity.
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| Myelin (neuron) | white, fatty substance covering the axon
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| Sensory Neuron (neuron) | receives sensory information from both the external and internal environments and carries it to the CNS
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| Soma (neurons) | integrates neural information received from dendrites and sends it to the axon (as an action potential) also called a cell body
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| Astrocyte (glial cell) | Star shaped cells that maintain a neuron’s working environment. This is done by controlling the levels of neurotransmitter around the synapses. The astrocytes are located in the central nervous system.
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| Microglia (glial cell) | Microglia are the brain’s immune cells, serving to protect it against injury or disease. The identify when something goes wrong in the body and removes the toxic agent. They also play a role in developing the brain.
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| Oligodendroglia (glial cell) | Oligodendrocytes provide support to axons and neurons in the central nervous system. The provide a fatty substance called myelin which raps around the axons as a layer of insulation. They are located in the Central Nervous System.
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| Schwann cells (glial cells) | Located in the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells myelinate neurons. They have similar functions as the oligodendrocytes in the CNS. They form the myelin sheath around the axons.
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