Terminology
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| show | muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) & between the lungs. The pumping action of the heart circulates blood throughout the body. (See StudyStack "notes" for more info on this term.)
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| tricuspid valve | show 🗑
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| show | located between the left atrium & left ventricle
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| show | pulmonary & aortic valves located between the right ventricle & the pulmonary artery & between the left ventricle & the aorta
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| show | two-layer sac consisting of an external fibrous & and internal serous layer. The serous layer secretes a fluid that facilitates movement of the heart. This layer also covers the heart & is called the epicardium.
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| blood vessels | show 🗑
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| show | blood vessels that carry blood away from heart. All arteries, with exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygen & nutrients from the heart to the body cells. The Pulmonary Artery carries carbon dioxide & other waste products from the heart to lungs.
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| arterioles | show 🗑
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| aorta | show 🗑
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| show | blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. All veins, with the exception of the pulmonary veins, carry blood containing carbon dioxide & other waste products. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
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| venules | show 🗑
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| show | largest veins in the body. The Inferior Vena Cava carries blood to the heart from body parts below the diaphragm, & the Superior Vena Cava returns the blood to the heart from the upper part of the body.
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| capillaries | show 🗑
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| show | composed of Plasma & Formed Elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, & thrombocytes (platelets)
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| show | clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended. Plasma is approximately 90% water & comprises approximately 55% of the total blood volume.
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| show | red blood cells that carry oxygen. Erythrocytes develop in bone marrow.
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| leukocytes | show 🗑
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| show | one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process
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| serum | show 🗑
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| show | transparent, colorless, tissue fluid that, on entering the lymphatic system, is called lymph. Lymph contains lymphocytes & monocytes & flows in a one-way direction to the heart. Lymph is similar to blood plasma.
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| show | like veins, lymph vessels transport lymph from body tissues to the chest, where it enters the cardiovascular system. Vessels begin as capillaries spread through the body then merge into larger tubes that become ducts in chest. (See notes for more info.)
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| show | small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue. -May be singular/grouped together along the path of the lymph vessels. The nodes filter lymph to keep substances like bacteria & other foreign agents from entering blood. They also produce lymphocytes.
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| show | located in left side of abdominal cavity b/w stomach & diaphragm. In adulthood, it is the largest lymphatic organ. Blood, not lymph, flows through spleen. Blood is cleansed of microorganisms in spleen. It stores blood & destroys worn out red blood cells.
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| show | one of the primary lymphatic organs, it's located anterior to the ascending aorta & posterior to sternum b/w lungs. It's important to development of immune system, esp. infancy to puberty. Around puberty it atrophies so most of it is connective tissue.
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| show | vessel (usually refers to blood vessel)
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| show | aorta
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| arteri/o | show 🗑
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| atri/o | show 🗑
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| show | heart
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| show | lymph node
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| lymph/o | show 🗑
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| myel/o | show 🗑
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| show | vein
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| show | plasma
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| splen/o | show 🗑
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| show | thymus gland
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| valv/o, valvul/o | show 🗑
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| show | ventricle
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| show | yellowish, fatty plaque
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| show | sound
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| electr/o | show 🗑
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| show | deficiency, blockage
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| show | heat
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| thromb/o | show 🗑
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| show | slow
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| show | pertaining to
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| show | removal
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| -graph | show 🗑
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| -odynia | show 🗑
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| -penia | show 🗑
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| -poiesis | show 🗑
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| -sclerosis | show 🗑
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| angioma | show 🗑
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| angiostenosis | show 🗑
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| aortic stenosis | show 🗑
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| show | hardening of the arteries
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| atherosclerosis | show 🗑
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| show | condition of a slow heart (rate less than 60 beats per minute)
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| cardiodynia | show 🗑
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| show | enlargement of the heart
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| show | disease of the heart muscle
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| show | inflammation of the valves of the heart (also referred to as Valvulitis)
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| endocarditis | show 🗑
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| show | deficiency of blood (flow)
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| myocarditis | show 🗑
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| pericarditis | show 🗑
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| phlebitis | show 🗑
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| show | inflammation of many (sites in the) arteries
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| tachycardia | show 🗑
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| show | inflammation of a vein associated with a clot
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| hematoma | show 🗑
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| show | tumors of the bone marrow
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| show | abnormal reduction of all (blood) cells
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| show | abnormal condition of a (blood) clot
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| thrombus | show 🗑
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| show | inflammation of the lymph nodes
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| lymphadenopathy | show 🗑
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| lymphoma | show 🗑
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| splenomegaly | show 🗑
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| show | tumor of the thymus gland
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| acute coronary syndrome (ACS) | show 🗑
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| aneurysm | show 🗑
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| angina pectoris | show 🗑
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| show | any disturbance or abnormality in the heart's normal rhythmic pattern
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| show | arrhythmia-chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in atria. Atria quiver instead of contracting, causes irregular ventricular response & ejection of reduced blood. Blood that remains becomes static, increasing clot risk, & may lead to stroke. (See notes)
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| cardiac arrest | show 🗑
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| cardiac tamponade | show 🗑
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| show | congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta
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| show | heart abnormality present at birth
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| congestive heart failure (CHF) | show 🗑
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| coronary artery disease (CAD) | show 🗑
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| coronary occlusion | show 🗑
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| deep vein thrombosis (DVT) | show 🗑
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| show | disorder of the heart brought about by persistent high blood pressure
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| show | pain & discomfort in calf muscles while walking; a condition seen in occlusive artery disease.
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| mitral valve stenosis | show 🗑
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| myocardial infarction (MI) | show 🗑
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| show | disease of the arteries, other than those of the heart & brain, that affects blood circulation, such as atherosclerosis & Raynaud disease. The most common symptom of peripheral atherosclerosis is intermittent claudication.
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| rheumatic heart disease | show 🗑
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| show | distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities
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| show | reduction in the amount of hemoglobin in the red blood cells. Anemia may be caused by blood loss or decrease in the production or increase in the destruction of red blood cells.
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| embolus (pl. emboli) | show 🗑
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| hemophilia | show 🗑
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| leukemia | show 🗑
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| show | malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually beginning in the cervical nodes
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| infectious mononucleosis | show 🗑
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| angioplasty | show 🗑
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| show | excision of fatty plaque (from a blocked artery using a specialized catheter & a rotary cutter)
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| show | excision within the artery (excision of plaque from the arterial wall). This procedure is usually named for the artery to be cleaned out, such as carotid endarterectomy, which means removal of plaque from the wall of the carotid artery.
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| pericardiocentesis | show 🗑
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| show | excision of a vein
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| show | incision into a vein (to remove blood or to give blood or intravenous fluids) (Also called Venipuncture)
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| show | surgical repair of a valve (cardiac or venous)
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| show | excision of the spleen
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| splenopexy | show 🗑
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| thymectomy | show 🗑
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| show | surgical excision of an aneurysm
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| atrial fibrillation ablation | show 🗑
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| cardiac pacemaker | show 🗑
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| coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) | show 🗑
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| coronary stent | show 🗑
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| embloectomy | show 🗑
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| show | surgery to establish an alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction
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| implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) | show 🗑
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| show | an injection of an intravenous medication to dissolve blood clots in coronary (blood) vessels
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| show | procedure where a balloon is passed through blood vessel into coronary artery to area where plaque is. Inflation of the balloon compresses plaque against vessel wall, expanding inner diameter of blood vessel, which allows blood to circulate more freely.
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| bone marrow aspiration | show 🗑
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| bone marrow biopsy | show 🗑
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| show | infusion of normal bone marrow cells from a donor with matching cells & tissue to a recipient with a certain type of leukemia or anemia
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| angiography | show 🗑
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| angioscope | show 🗑
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| show | visual examination of a blood vessel
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| show | radiographic image of the aorta (after an injection of contrast media)
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| show | radiographic image of an artery (after an injection of contrast media)
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| show | radiographic image of a vein (after an injection of contrast media)
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| show | radiographic imaging of a vein (after an injection of contrast media)
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| echocardiogram (ECHO) | show 🗑
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| show | record of the electrical activity of the heart
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| electrocardiograph | show 🗑
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| electrocardiography | show 🗑
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| digital subtraction angiography (DSA) | show 🗑
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| show | a study that uses sound for detection of blood flow within the vessels; used to assess intermittent claudication, deep vein thrombosis, & other blood flow abnormalities.
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| exercise stress test | show 🗑
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| single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) | show 🗑
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| thallium test | show 🗑
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| transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) | show 🗑
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| show | exam to determine condition of heart/ surrounding blood vessels. A catheter is passed into heart through a blood vessel & used to record pressures & inject contrast medium, enabling visualization of c. arteries, great vessels, heart chambers. (See notes)
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| impedance plethysmography (IPG) | show 🗑
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| auscultation | show 🗑
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| show | pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls. A blood pressure measurement written as systolic pressure (120) & diastolic pressure (80) is commonly recorded as 120/80.
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| show | tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath
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| pulse | show 🗑
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| show | device used for measuring blood pressure
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| show | an instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation & blood pressure measurement
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| show | blood test to measure the amount of C-reactive protein in the blood, which, when elevated, indicates inflammation in the body. It is sometimes used in assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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| show | a blood test used to measure the level of creatine phosphokinase, an enzyme of heart & skeletal muscle released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis. The test is useful in evaluating patients with acute myocardial infarction.
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| show | a blood test used to measure the amount of homocysteine in the blood. Homocysteine is an amino acid that, if elevated, may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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| show | blood test to measure the amount of lipids in a blood sample. It's used to evaluate risk of developing cardiovascular disease & to monitor therapy of existing disease. Results provide levels of total cholesterol, (HDL), (LDL), (VLDL), & triglycerides.
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| show | blood test that measures troponin, a heart muscle enzyme. Troponins are released into the blood approximately 3 hours after necrosis of the heart muscle & may remain elevated from 7-10 days. The test is useful in the diagnosis of a myocardial infarction.
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| coagulation time | show 🗑
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| show | basic screening measures hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell number & morphology (size & shape), leukocyte count, & white blood cells) & platelet count. The test is automated, done easily & rapidly, & provides a great amount of info about the blood.
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| hematocrit (HCT) | show 🗑
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| show | blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen-carrying components (hemoglobin) in red blood cells
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| prothrombin time (PT) | show 🗑
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| show | pertaining to the atrium & ventricle
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| show | pertaining to the heart
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| cardiogenic | show 🗑
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| show | physician who studies & treats diseases of the heart
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| show | study of the heart (a branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the heart & blood vessels)
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| show | condition of (body) temperature that is below normal (sometimes induced for various surgical procedures, such as bypass surgery)
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| show | pertaining to within the vein
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| show | physician who studies & treats diseases of the veins
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| show | study of veins (a branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the veins)
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| hematologist | show 🗑
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| hematology | show 🗑
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| hematopoiesis | show 🗑
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| show | dissolution of (red) blood (cells)
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| show | stoppage of bleeding
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| myelopoiesis | show 🗑
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| plasmapheresis | show 🗑
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| thrombolysis | show 🗑
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| show | emergency procedure consisting of artificial ventilation & external cardiac massage
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| defibrillation | show 🗑
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| show | phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles relax between contractions (diastolic is the lower number of a blood pressure reading)
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| show | occurring outside the body. During open-heart surgery extracorporeal circulation occurs when blood is diverted outside the body to a heart-lung machine.
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| show | escape of blood from the blood vessel into the tissue
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| fibrillation | show 🗑
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| show | a short-duration humming sound of cardiac or vascular origin
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| show | excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood; associated with heightened risk of cardiovascular disease
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| show | excessive amount of fats (triglycerides & cholesterol) in the blood
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| show | blood pressure that is above normal (greater than 140/90)
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| hypertriglyceridemia | show 🗑
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| show | blood pressure that is below normal (less that 90/60)
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| lipids | show 🗑
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| show | space within a tubular part or organ, such as the space within a blood vessel
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| show | to close tightly, to block
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| show | phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract (systolic is the upper number of a blood pressure reading)
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| vasoconstrictor | show 🗑
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| show | agent or nerve that enlarges the blood vessels
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| venipuncture | show 🗑
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| show | agent that slows the clotting process
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| show | abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood
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| show | rapid loss of blood, as in bleeding
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| allergen | show 🗑
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| show | a physician who studies & treats allergic conditions
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| anaphylaxis also called Anaphylactic Shock | show 🗑
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| antibiotic | show 🗑
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| show | a substance produced by lymphocytes that inactivates or destroys antigens (also called Immunoglobulins)
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| show | a substance that triggers an immune response when introduced into the body. Examples of antigens are transplanted tissue, toxins, & infectious organisms.
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| show | a disease caused by the body's inability to distinguish its own cells from foreign bodies, thus producing antibodies that attack its own tissue. Rheumatoid Arthritis & Systemic Lupus Erythematosus are examples of autoimmune diseases.
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| immune | show 🗑
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| immunodeficiency | show 🗑
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| immunologist | show 🗑
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| show | the branch of medicine dealing with immune system disorders
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| show | invasion of pathogens. May stay localized if body's defense mechanisms are effective. If it persists-may become acute, subacute, or chronic. Systemic infection occurs when local infection accesses the vascular/lymphatic system & disseminates through body.
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| phagocytosis | show 🗑
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| vaccine | show 🗑
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| CCU | show 🗑
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| show | red blood cell(erythrocyte)
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| WBC | show 🗑
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