Anatomy and Physiology
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| thyroid cartilage | adams apple
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| musculoskeletal system | system of bones and skeletal muscles that support + protect the body and permit movement
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| ligament | bone to bone
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| tendon | muscle to bone
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| cranium | top back and sides of skull (the face is the front)
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| mandible | lower jaw
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| maxille | two fused bones of upper jaw
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| nasal bones | some of the structure of the nose
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| orbits | surround the eyes (multiple bones)
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| zygomatic arches | structures of the cheeks
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| spinal column | protects the spinal cord and provides support and structure for the body. Consists of 33 vertebrae
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| vertabrae | the separate bones of the spine (33)
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| 5 Spinal Divisions | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
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| cervical | the 7 vertebrae of the neck (c1-c7)...atlas, axis...etc.
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| thoracic | 12 vertebrae of the chest (thorax, ribs, upper back
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| lumbar | 5 vertebrae of the lower back
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| sacral | 5 vertebrae of the back wall of the pelvis
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| coccyx | 4 vertebrae of the tail bone
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| sternum | breast bone
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| manubrium | the superior portion of the sternum
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| xiphoid process | the inferior portion of the sternum
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| pelvis | the basin shaped bony structure that supports the spine (sacral and coccyx) and is the promixal attachment point for the lower extremities
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| ilium | the superior and widest portion of the pelvis
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| pubis | the medial anterior portion of the pelvis
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| acetabulum | the pelvic socket that fits the ball of the proximal end of the femur
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| femur | large thigh bone
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| patella | knee
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| tibia | medial larger bone of lower leg (shin bone)
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| fibula | lateral small bone of lower leg
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| malleolus | each side of the ankle, lateral at inferior end of fibula, and medial is at inferior end of tibia
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| tarsals | bones making up the ankle
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| metatarsals | bones making up the foot
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| calcaneus | heel bone
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| phalanges | toe bones
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| clavicle | located anteriorly, collerbone
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| scapula | located posteriorly, shoulderblade
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| acromion process | the highest portion of the scapula
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| acromioclavicle joint | where the top of the scapula and the clavicle meet
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| humerus | bone between shoulder and elbow
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| radius | the lateral bone of the forearm, always aligned with thumb
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| ulna | medial bone of forearm
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| carpals | the several bones of the wrist
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| metacarpals | bones of the hand
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| phalanges | finger and toes
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| ball and socket joints | ie. hip, ball of femur rotates in a round socket of the pelvis
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| hinge joints | ie. elbow, angle between humerus and ulna bends and straightens
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| types of muscles | voluntary, involuntary, and cardiac A>K>A skeletal, smooth, cardiac
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| voluntary muscle | skeletal, under direct control of the brain, attached to bone and contracts
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| involuntary muscle | smooth, controls materials through organs by responding automatically from the brain
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| cardiac muscle | a specialized form of involuntary muscle found in the heart
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| automaticity | the property of the heart that allows it to generate and conduct electric impulses on its own, heartbeat
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| respiratory/pulmonary system | ventilation and oxygenation. O2 moved into bloodstream through inhalation, CO2 picked up by blood and excreted through exhalation
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| oropharynx | area directly posterior to the mouth
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| nasopharnx | area directly posterior to the nose
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| pharnx | area that includes both the oropharynx and the nasopharynx
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| epiglottis | a leaf shaped structure that closes over the glottis
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| glottis | the opening to the trachea
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| larynx | voice box, contains the vocal cords
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| cricoid cartilage | a ring shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx
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| trachea | windpipe, tube that carries air from larynx down towards the lungs, made of 16 C-shaped rings of cartilage
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| bronchi | the bifurcated parts of the trachea, singular = mainstem bronchus that leads to lung
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| bronchioles | the many branches of the bronchus inside the lung that end at alveoli
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| diaphragm | it is the large muscle that is controlled by the phrenic nerve and divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity, helps inhale and exhale
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| intercostal muscles | muscles of the rib cage
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| inhalation | the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, pulling the ribs upward and outward and the diaphragm lower created negative pressure (vacuum) in the chest, which pulls air into lungs
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| exhalation | intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax, ribs go downward and inward and the Diaphragm rises, chest size decreases and positive pressure builds which pushes air out of lungs
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| alveoli | tiny sacs at the end of bronchioles, that are surrounded by pulmonary capillaries
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| pulmonary capillaries | brings blood to outside walls of alveoli
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| ventilation | the movement of gases to and from the alveoli, O2 and C02 transfers to and excretes from the pulmonary capillaries
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| arteries | carry blood away from heart to bring oxygen to cells
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| veins | carry blood towards heart with excreted CO2 from cells
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| respiration | the process of moving cells between the cells and blood
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Created by:
jon.kowalski
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