Infection Control
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| show | Bacteria (single cell, simple internal organization);
Virus (intracellular parasite - cannot live outside host);
Fungi (dimorphic - grow in 2 diff forms);
Parasites (protozoa - larger than bacteria but no cell wall, motile)
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| What is Pathogenicity? | show 🗑
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| What is virulence? | show 🗑
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| show | invasion and multiplication of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites)
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| show | multiplication of organism
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| show | microorganisms of human body (normal-naturally occurring on our body/resident-microorganisms that live on us that don't make us sick (carrier)/transient-transfer of natural or resident bacteria to another human);
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| show | *overgrowth of normal flora (makes us sick b/c out of balance)
*can result from treatment w/broad spectrum antimicrobial drug that alters normal flora
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| Describe Transient flora. | show 🗑
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| show | 6 steps for microorganism to demonstrate disease:
a) Encounter
b) Entry
c) Spread (must overcome host immune system)
d) Multiplication (incubation)
e) Damage (now making patient sick)
f) Outcome (1 - fight it off/2 - established/3 - compromise)
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| show | 4 essential links
1 - HOST
2 - INFECTIOUS ORGANISM
3 - MODE OF TRANSMISSION (exogenous or endogenous)
4 - RESERVOIR (site where organism lives/transmits disease)
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| show | disease causing microorganisms in human blood
MOST COMMON -
HBV and HIV
other examples...
Hep C,
Hep D,
Syphilis
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| show | Hepatitis B virus
*highly contagious
*attacks liver
*swelling, soreness/loss of normal liver function
*signs and symptoms:
***weakness, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, abdo pain, fever, headache
**jaundice
**asymptomatic
*long term effects w/o vaccine
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| show | Human Immunodeficiency Virus
*affects immune system
*causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
*Signs/Symptoms
**Weight loss
**Fatigue
**gland pain/swell
**muscle/joint pain
**night sweats
*can take up to 1yr to show positive for HIV antibodies
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| show | Hep C - blood/body fluids
Hep A - fecal/oral route
MRSA/VRSA - commonly found on humans (no risk if healthy)
VRE - enterococci bacteria in feces (most common UTI)
TB - airborne
Rubella - (not measles) German Measles
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| show | Nosocomial - (HAI) acquired in course of medical care (UTI - keep urine bag below bladder);
Iatrogenic - results from particular treatment/procedure (physician);
Community acquired - person brings infection into hospital
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| Describe the cycle of infection - specifically list the 6 aspects. | show 🗑
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| show | MEDICAL - reduces #, growth/spread by soap, water, friction and chemical disinfectants
SURGICAL - elimination of all microorganisms/spores by heat/chemical means
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| show | without infection; freedom of infection
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| Describe MEDICAL ASEPSIS. | show 🗑
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| show | Eliminates all microorganisms/spores by heat/chemical means
STERILE technique/fields
RULES - specific rules to follow to create STERILE
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| show | Universal Precautions
used to prevent spread of bloodborne pathogens(blood/body fluids)
APPLIES TO ALL PATIENTS AT ALL TIMES!
Wash hands, use PPE, including masks, gloves, gowns, cover mouth sneeze/cough away from patient
ANY CONTACT POSES A RISK !
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| What are the most common bloodborne pathogens? | show 🗑
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| What are specifics of STANDARD PRECAUTIONS. | show 🗑
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| What are the ways infection can be transmitted? HINT: there are 5 | show 🗑
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| show | Evaporated droplets in air for long time - small droplets, evaporated in air;
DROPLET NUCLEI - negative pressure room, require respiratory mask N95; limited pt transport; EX : TB (N95 mask=respirator mask) - and Measles (surgical =isolation mask)
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| Describe DROPLET precautions | show 🗑
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| Describe CONTACT precautions | show 🗑
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| Describe VECTOR precautions | show 🗑
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| Describe VEHICLE precautions | show 🗑
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| Describe EQUIPMENT DISINFECTION | show 🗑
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| What are the levels of decontamination? | show 🗑
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Created by:
Larobbins
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