Ventilation, Perfusion, and Shock: Understanding Pathophysiology
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| Pathophysiology | the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body
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| Metabolism | the cellular function of converting nutrients into energy
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| Electrolyte | a substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charged particles
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| Aerobic Metabolism | the cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose
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| Anaerobic Metabolism | the cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen
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| FiO2 | fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe
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| Patent | open and clear; free from obstruction
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| Tidal Volume | the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing
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| Minute Volume | the amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breathes per minute
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| Dead Air Space | air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually exchange
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| Chemoreceptors | chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
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| Plasma Oncotic Pressure | the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream
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| Hydrostatic Pressure | the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel
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| Stretch Receptors | sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure
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| Systemic Vascular Resistance | the pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome to pump blood into the system
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| Stroke Volume | the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction
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| Cardiac Output | the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute (heart rate x stroke volume)
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| V/Q Match | ventilation/perfusion match; this implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli are matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
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| Perfusion | the supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through capillaries
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| Hypoperfusion/Shock | inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients
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| Diaphoresis | cool, pale, and moist/sweaty skin; sweating
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| Dehydration | an abnormally low amount of water in the body
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| Edema | swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space
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| Hypersensitivity | an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance
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| What are the most important electrolytes? | potassium, sodium, and magnesium
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| How much more energy is produced with aerobic metabolism vs. anaerobic metabolism? | 16x more energy
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| How is water divided among the body? | Intracellular: 70%
Intravascular: 5%
Interstitial: 25%
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| What are the most common digestive disorders? | nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
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| What are the 4 types of shock? | hypovolemic shock, distributive shock, cardiogenic shock, obstructive shock
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