Skeletal System Study Cards
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| The ends of a long bone are called what? | Epiphysis
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| Another name for joints: | Articulations
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| Give some examples of hinge joints: | Elbows, Knees
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| Another name for a slightly moveable joint: | Amphiarthrosis (Vertebrae)
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| Fibrous joints are also called what? | Synarthrosis (Sutures)
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| Give examples of a gliding joint: | Vertebrae
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| The thumb is what kind of joint? | Saddle Joint
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| Define hematopoiesis: | Blood Formation (hema= blood, poiesis= formation)
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| The shaft of a long bone is called what? | Diaphysis
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| The cartilage that covers the epiphysis is called what? | Articular Cartilage
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| Give some examples of short bones: | Carpals, Tarsals
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| The hollow space in the bone's center is called what? | Endosteum
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| The patella is an example of what kind of bone? | Sesamoid
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| Bone forming cells are called what? | Osteoblasts ( Osteo= bone, Blast= build)
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| What bones make up the axial skeleton? | Skull, Vertebrae, Hyoid, Ribs, Sternum, Sacrum
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| What are the functions of joints? | Movement, Support
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| Freely moveable joints are called what? | Diarthrotic Joints (Synovial Joints)
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| The pubic symphysis is an example of what kind of joint? | Amphiarthrotic
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| Which membrane lines the interior of the joint capsule and bursae? | Synovial Membrane
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| What is a collapsed sack-like structure that contains synovial fluid called? | Bursa
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| Connective tissue that connects bone to bone: | Ligaments
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| The enclosed space between the bones of the joint: | Joint Cavity
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| Movement towards the median plane : | Adduction
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| Movement forward: | Flexion
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| Movement backward: | Extension
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| Which type of lever is the most common type of lever? | Class 3 Lever
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| Autoimmune disorder that affects the joints; also called "crippling arthritis": | Rheumatoid Arthritis
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| The human body has how many bones in total? | 206 Bones
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| On which bone would you find an iliac crest? | Ilium
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| Where would you find a greater trochanter? | Femur
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| Oh which bone would you find an ischial tuberosity? | Ischium
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| The acromion process can be found on which bone? | Scapula
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| The mastoid process can be found on which cranial bone? | Temporal Bone
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| Where would you find an olecranon process? | Ulna
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| Which three bones contain a styloid process? | Temporal Bone, Radius, Ulna
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| Where would you find a bicipital groove? | Humerus
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| On which bone would you find a deltoid tuberosity? | Humerus
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| The kneecap is also called what? | Patella
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| Another name for the breast bone: | Sternum
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| Formal name for the heel bone: | Calcaneus
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| Another name for the ankle: | Malleoli (medial and lateral malleolus)
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| The olecranon fossa can be found on which bone? | Humerus
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| the wrist is an example of what type of joint? | Ellipsoid
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| A break, chip, crack, or rupture in a bone? | Fracture
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| An incomplete break in a bone: | Greenstick Fracture (commonly found in children)
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| The metatarsals can be found where? | In The Foot
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| The carpals can be found where? | Wrist
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| How many carpals bones are there? | 8 in each hand (16 total in the body)
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| Give some examples of irregular bones: | Vertebrae, Sphenoid
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| Give some examples of flat bones: | Bones Of The Skull
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| How many metacarpals are there? | 5 in each hand (10 in the body)
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| How many phalanges are there total? | 14 in each hand and foot (14x4=56 total in the body)
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| How many true ribs are there? | 7 Pairs Of True Ribs ( 7 true days of the week)
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| How many false ribs are there? | 3 False Ribs
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| An abnormal curvature of the thoracic spine: | Kyphosis
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| A lateral deviation of the spine: | Scoliosis
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| The formation of bone: | Ossification
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| Which part of the bone contains the Yellow bone marrow? | Medullary Cavity
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| The outer layer of the bone: | Periosteum
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| Inflammation of a bursa: | Bursitis
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| How many cervical vertebrae are there? | 7 (Remember breakfast at 7am)
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| How many thoracic vertebrae are there? | 12 (Remember lunch at 12 noon)
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| How many lumbar vertebrae are there? | 5 (Remember dinner at 5pm)
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| Metabolic condition in which there is increased levels of uric acid in the blood: | Gout (commonly affects the 1st/ big toe)
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| How many bones are in the axial skeleton? | 80 Bones
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| How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton? | 126 Bones
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| A depression in a bone: | Fossa
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| The mandible, palatine and zygomatic bone belong to which skeletal category? | Facial Skeleton
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| What bone does the medial aspect of the clavicle articulate with? | Manubrium Of The Sternum
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| Give an example of a fibrous joint: | Sutures
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| On which bone would you find coracoid process? | Scapula
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| How many vertebrae are there total? | 34 Vertebrae
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| On which bone would you find a medial malleolus | Tibia
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| On which bone would you find the linea aspera? | Femur
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| A partial dislocation: | Subluxation
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| A complete joint dislocation: | Luxation
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| How many curvatures of the spine | 4 types of curvatures
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| Name the 4 curvatures of the spine | Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum
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| The 3 types of joints are: | Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
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| Muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, and nerves can be located by? | Bony Landmarks
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| Bony landmarks are made up of two categories | Projection/Process (Grows out of bone)
Depression/Cavities (Indentations in bone)
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| Large rounded projection | Tuberosity
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| Small rounded projection | Tubercule
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| Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent | Crest
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| Large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (Femur) | Trochanter
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| Narrow ridge of bone; less than a crest | Line
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| Raised area on/above a condyle | Epicondyle
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| Sharp, Slender pointed projection | Spine
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| Any bony prominence | Process
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| Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck | Head
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| Smooth, nearly flat articular surface | Facet
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| Rounded articular projection | Condyle
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| Armlike bar of bone | Ramus
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| Canal like passage way | Meatus
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| Cavity within a bone; filled with air and lined with mucous membrane | Sinus
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| Shallow, basin like depression in a bone | Fossa
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| Furrow | Groove
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| Narrow, slit-like opening | Fissure
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| Round or oval opening through a bone | Foramen
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| Mature bone cells, found within a lacunae | Osteocytes
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| Tiny cavities within the spongy bone | Lacunae
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| Lacunae arranged in concentric circles around central canals | Lamellae
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| Complex made of central canal and matrix rings | Osteon (Haversion System)
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| Tiny canals that radiate outward to all lacunae; connect bone cells to nutrient supply through the bone matrix | Canaliculi
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| Bone reabsorbing cells; takes calcium from bone and bring it into the blood | Osteoclasts
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| Influences bone formation and growth | Hormones
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| Hormones that influence calcium | Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin
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| Increased blood calcium levels by retracting calcium from bones | Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
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| Decreased blood calcium levels by depositing calcium into bones | Calcitonin
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| Bone breaks cleanly, does not penetrate the skin | Closed (Simple) Fracture
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| Bone breaks and penetrates through skin | Open (Compound) Fracture
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| Method used to treat fractures; bones are coaxed back into normal position | Closed Reduction
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| Surgical procedure using pins/ wires to secure bone together | Open Reduction
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| Four major events of fractures | Hematoma forms, Fibrocartilage callus splinted break, bony Callus, and Bone Remodeling
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| Ruptured blood vessels, forming bruising | Hematoma
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| Callus of connective tissue cells that has cartilage, bony matrix and collagen fibers to close the 'gap' in broken bone | Fibrocartilage callus splinted break
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| When osteoblasts and osteoclasts move into an area and multiply | Bony Callus
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| Occurs a few weeks- months after a break | Bone Remodeling
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| Breaks into many pieces | Comminuted
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| Crushed Bone | Compression
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| Bone pressed inward | Depressed
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| When two ends are pushed into each other | Impacted
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| Bone is broken into a spiral pattern | Spiral
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| Sleeve/ Capsule of fibrous connective tissue, lined with synovial membrane | Fibrous Articular Capsule
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