PATHO TEST 2
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| Consists of the brain and spinal cord | show 🗑
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| Consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves & 31 pairs of spinal nerves | show 🗑
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| show | Afferent neurons
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| show | Efferent neurons
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| System that supplies striated skeletal muscles | show 🗑
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| show | Autonomic
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| show | Pia mater
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| Delicate cobweb like membrane | show 🗑
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| Tough outermost covering | show 🗑
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| what is the basic unit of the nervous system | show 🗑
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| show | Myelin sheath
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| show | reflex arch
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| show | how impulses travel through
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| show | MRI
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| show | aphasia
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| show | lethargy
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| painful condition of the nerves | show 🗑
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| show | hemiplegia
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| show | hemiparesis
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| show | dysarthria
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| show | postictal
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| show | meninges
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| show | neurons
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| a concentration of nerve cell bodies | show 🗑
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| show | white matter
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| Acute inflammation of the pia mater & arachnoid; bacterial and viral, treated with immediate broad-spectrum antibiotics followed by specific antibiotics based of culture results | show 🗑
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| Which meningitis is more common and more dangerous? | show 🗑
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| show | Encephalitis
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| show | Glioma
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| Type of glioma that is the most common (70%); also is slow growing | show 🗑
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| Type of glioma that arises from the 4th ventricle in children & lateral ventricles in adults which originates from ventricle or spine cord lining | show 🗑
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| show | Oligodendrocytes
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| show | Teratoma
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| show | epidural hematoma
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| Reflect VENOUS bleeding; most commonly from ruptured veins between dura and meninges | show 🗑
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| show | subarachnoid hemorrhage
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| show | stroke syndrome
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| What is the time frame to administer fibrinolytic agents to effectively decrease risk of permanent neurologic deficit after a stroke? | show 🗑
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| Embolic stroke originating from arteriosclerotic ulcerated plaque; focal neurological deficits completely resolve within 24 hours | show 🗑
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| What is a major cause of a subarachnoid hemorrhage? | show 🗑
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| A diffuse form of progressive cerebral atrophy that develops at an earlier age (before 60) then the senile period (60 & older) | show 🗑
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| Atrophy of caudate nucleus and putamen; inherited condition that predominately involves men & appears in the early to middle adult years as dementia & continuous involuntary rapid, jerky movements | show 🗑
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| show | Parkinson's Disease
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| show | Muhammad Ali & Michael J. Fox
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| Degeneration of cerebellum; may represent an inherited disorder, a degenerative disease or the toxic effect of prolonged use of alcohol and phenytoin | show 🗑
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| A relentlessly progressive condition of unknown cause with widespread selective atrophy and loss of motor nerve cells leading to extensive paralysis & death from respiratory weakness or aspiration pneumonia | show 🗑
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| What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis commonly known as? | show 🗑
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| show | Hydrocephalus
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| What is commonly used to treat hydrocephalus? | show 🗑
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| What 2 famous people had ALS? | show 🗑
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| The main difference between transient ischemic attacks and a stroke are: | show 🗑
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| mucosal thickening most commonly in the paranasal sinuses (maxillary) | show 🗑
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| Complications of sinusitis can lead to all of the following pathological conditions, except | show 🗑
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| show | false, younger than 20
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| show | true
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| show | endocrine system
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| low or inadequate amount | show 🗑
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| show | hyperactive
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| show | hyperplasia
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| show | acromegaly
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| excess growth or height in children | show 🗑
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| high blood sugar levels | show 🗑
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| What does the adrenal cortex produce? | show 🗑
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| show | cortisol
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| Helps control BP | show 🗑
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| sex hormones | show 🗑
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| show | epinephrine & norepinephrine
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| aka adrenaline; regulates cardiac and glucose | show 🗑
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| show | norepinephrine
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| show | Cushing's syndrome
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| show | obesity, moon-shaped face, buffalo hump, fatigue, bone loss, & increased urination (usually 20+)
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| show | Adrenogenital Syndrome
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| show | Pheochromocytoma
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| show | Neuroblastoma
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| show | pituitary gland
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| Hormones secreted by this gland control the level of most glandular activity throughout the body | show 🗑
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| show | anterior lobe
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| show | posterior lobe
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| A condition due to the primary hypersecretion of pituitary hormones causing gigantism & acromegaly | show 🗑
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| Occurs when the body can’t regulate how it handles fluid due to low levels of ADH; Increase in thirst and dilution of urine | show 🗑
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| show | Thyroid gland
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| Commonly develops as a result of iodine deficiency or inflammation of the thyroid gland; not all cause symptoms such as swelling and cough | show 🗑
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| Encapsulated tumors that vary greatly in size & usually compress adjacent tissue; cause deviation or compression of the trachea, & may extend into superior mediastinum | show 🗑
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| show | Parathyroid glands
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| Common endocrine disorder in which the pancreas fails to secrete insulin or target cells fail to respond to this hormone | show 🗑
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| show | Juvenile
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| show | Non-insulin dependent
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| show | false
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| Is the 2nd most common malignancy in children | show 🗑
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| Excess production of this hormones in Cushing's syndrome may be attributable to generalized bilateral hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex, or it may be the result of a functioning adrenal or even nonadrenal tumor. | show 🗑
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| All of the following are diseases of the adrenal cortex: | show 🗑
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| show | surgical resection, hormone replacement therapy, & chemotherapy
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| The best imaging modality/ exam for demonstrating both functioning and nonfunctioning thyroid tissue is? | show 🗑
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| show | goiter
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| show | 1. supporting framework of the body
2. protect vital organs
3. muscle contraction & joint movement
4. red bone marrow produce blood cells
5. maintain calcium levels
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| show | fractures
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| show | joint effusion, soft tissue swelling, & interruption of bony trabeculae
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| A fracture that results in discontinuity between 2 or more fragments | show 🗑
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| show | incomplete Fx
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| show | closed Fx
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| show | compound/open fracture
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| Runs at a right angle to the long axis of the bone | show 🗑
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| show | Oblique Fx
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| show | Spiral Fx
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| show | Avulsion Fx
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| Composed of more than 2 fragments | show 🗑
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| Elongated triangular fragment of cortical bone | show 🗑
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| show | Segmental Fx
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| Results from compression forces that causes compaction of bone trabeculae | show 🗑
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| show | Depressed Fx
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| Response of bone to repeated stresses (runners 2nd & 3rd metatarsals) | show 🗑
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| show | Pathologic Fx
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| show | Greenstick Fx
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| One cortex is intact buckling or compaction of opposite | show 🗑
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| Plastic deformation caused by a stress that is too great to permit complete recovery of normal shape | show 🗑
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| show | Undisplaced/non-displaced
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| show | Displacement
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| Angular deformity between the axes of the major fragments | show 🗑
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| show | Dislocation
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| Only partial loss of continuity of the joint surfaces | show 🗑
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| show | 2 views 90 degrees from each other
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| show | Malunion
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| any fracture that takes longer to heal than an average fracture (caused by diabetes/smoking) | show 🗑
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| show | Nonunion
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| show | skeletal survey
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| show | Colle's Fx
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| most common carpal bone fracture | show 🗑
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| show | Boxer's Fx
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| show | Jone's Fx
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| T/F Most shoulder dislocations are anterior. | show 🗑
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| show | True (80%-90%)
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| fracture & displacement of the ring of atlas, fracture of dens | show 🗑
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| anterior subluxation of C2 on C3 (MVC) | show 🗑
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| show | Protrusion/Herniation
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| show | Scoliosis
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| Problem with scoliosis outside the spine (leg lenght) | show 🗑
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| vertebra fail to form completely or separate appropriately | show 🗑
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| show | Spondylosis & Spondylothesis
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| show | lateral lumbar
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| show | oblique lumbar
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| A posterior defect of the spinal canal, resulting from failure of the posterior elements to fuse properly | show 🗑
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| Mild/insignificant form of spina bifida; splitting of bony canal at L5-S1/tuft of hair) | show 🗑
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| show | Meningocele
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| show | Myelomengicolee
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| show | Osteopetrosis
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| aka brittle bone; an inherited disorder of connective tissues, characterized by multiple fxs, & an unusual blue color sclera; Due to imperfectly formed or inadequate bone collagen (Adults generally wheelchair bound) | show 🗑
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| What is seen when imaging osteogenesis imperfecta? | show 🗑
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| How is Osteomalacia and rickets treated? | show 🗑
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| show | Paget's Disease
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| Generally occurs in the end of a long bone in metaphysis (knee; between ages 10-25); usually given 5 year survival rate | show 🗑
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| show | Chondrosarcoma
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| Primary malignant tumor arising in the bone marrow of long bones; tumor cells invade cortical bone & spread to soft tissue | show 🗑
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| show | Multiple Myeloma
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| Image shows multiple punched out osteolytic lesions on lateral skull indicates? | show 🗑
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| A radiograph of a tear drop on a coronal CT, AP skull or waters x-ray indicates? | show 🗑
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| show | pituitary adenoma
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| show | subdural empyema
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| Microorganism infection of gray and white matter; risk factors include compromised immune systems (AIDs & cancer) | show 🗑
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| Stages of a brain abscess: | show 🗑
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| Infectious process above the dura & beneath the inner skull table | show 🗑
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| What is used to treat most CNS infections? | show 🗑
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| An infection of the bone or bone marrow, typically caused by bacteria or sometimes fungus | show 🗑
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| T/F A hangman's fracture is the result of acute hyperextension of the head on the neck. | show 🗑
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| To demonstrate a herniation of an intervertebral disk a ____________ study is recommended. | show 🗑
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| Fat pad sign is a radiographic finding of a _____________ fracture. | show 🗑
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| The most common injury to the foot is a transverse fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal called a ___________ fracture | show 🗑
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| show | hormone changes
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| T/F Multiple myeloma is an additive disease, and as such kVp and mAs should be increased | show 🗑
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| show | trauma
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| Appendages that are designed to receive communications from other cells | show 🗑
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| Causes of such disease are poorly understood, is a combination of genetic & environmental factors | show 🗑
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| What is the most common type of thyroid carcinoma, it is slow growing & localized? (75%-80%) | show 🗑
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| show | Follicular
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| This thyroid carcinoma is familial, most often appearing as a component of a syndrome in which there are multiple endocrine tumors | show 🗑
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| show | Osteogenic sarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma
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| show | Haemophilus
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| show | Intracranial hemorrhage
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| Thickening of heel pads is a radiographic finding in patients diagnosed with: | show 🗑
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| show | hemiplegia, hemiparesis, & dysarthria
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| show | Renal disease
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