Large Animal Nutrition
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| show | depend on enzymes in digestive tract, break down east to digest animal sourced nutrients, NO fermentation.
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| Herbivores | show 🗑
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| show | depend on both enzymatic digestion plus small amount of microbial fermentation, occurs in large intestine.
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| show | any substance that provides nourishment to an organism. Two categories: energy producing and non-energy producing.
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| Energy Producing Nutrients | show 🗑
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| Non-energy Producing Nutrients | show 🗑
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| show | the most important nutrient, 50-70% of body wt is this, excess is excreted through the kidneys via urine, mLs of this-day should be equal to kcal/day.
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| Water Functions | show 🗑
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| show | large molecules made up of amino acids, theres essential and non-essential, excessive amounts are not stored in the body.
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| Protein Functions | show 🗑
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| show | essential nutrient, cannot be synthesized by the body, must be supplied in diet. Non-essential can be synthesized by the body. Uses synthesis.
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| show | nutrient that is classified in several ways: short/medium/long chain or saturated/mono&poly unsaturated. Excessive amounts will be stored in the body
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| Fats Functions | show 🗑
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| Fatty Acid Deficiency | show 🗑
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| Carbohydrates | show 🗑
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| show | -Glucose
-Sucrose
-Fructose
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| Complex Carbohydrates | show 🗑
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| Fiber | show 🗑
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| Fiber Examples | show 🗑
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| Vitamins | show 🗑
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| Fat Soluble Vitamins | show 🗑
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| Water Soluble Vitamins | show 🗑
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| Minerals | show 🗑
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| show | -Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, iodide, boron.
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| Maintenance Nutrient Requirements | show 🗑
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| MNR Influencing Factors | show 🗑
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| Total Digestible Nutrients (TDNs) | show 🗑
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| show | total energy potential available in a feed consumed by an animal.
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| show | energy that remains after the energy lost in feces is subtracted from gross energy.
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| Metabolizable Energy (ME) | show 🗑
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| Net Energy (NE) | show 🗑
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| show | any dietary component that provides some essential nutrient or serves some other function. Divided into categories: forages (roughage), concentrates, byproducts, mineral and vitamin supplements, non-nutritive additives.
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| show | provides bulk, flavor, odor, color, or act as an antioxidant.
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| show | feeds that are made up of most/all plant, large amount of fiber, low energy density, high bulk. Protein content depends on type of plant/harvesting stage, belong to either legume or grass plant families.
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| Concentrates | show 🗑
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| show | residues of the feed-processing industry, span wide variety of feedstuffs, contain substantial amounts of fermentable fiber, energy, and protein.
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| show | sources of individual/combo of minerals, with or without vitamins. Fat-soluble supplemented in premixes. Water-soluble usually supplemented in swine/horse diets. Yeast cultures are a good source of B-complex.
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| Non-nutritive Additives | show 🗑
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| show | these cows require forage and grain fed separately, can either have high protein concentrate/low protein forage or low protein concentrate/high protein forage. Forage free choice always, concentrates twice daily, silage 1-2 times/day.
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| Dairy Cattle- Carbohydrate Intake | show 🗑
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| Diary Cattle- Fat Intake | show 🗑
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| show | these are received by consuming Legume hay (alfalfa). Meet these needs during lactation and reproduction.
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| Dairy Cattle- Colostrum | show 🗑
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| Diary Cattle- Cost | show 🗑
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| Beef Cattle- Cost | show 🗑
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| show | goal is to control profitability by attaining optimal nutrient intake with least cost. 2 areas: cow-calf production and finishing cattle.
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| Goal of Cow-calf Production | show 🗑
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| show | these cattle get energy mostly from carbohydrates, then protein, then fats. Need forages w/ significant fiber content, supply energy w/ silage or hay. Animal protein sources are NOT allowed.
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| show | need to be supplemented with minerals and salt (1-5 lbs/cow/day).
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| Calves- Feeding | show 🗑
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| Orphan Calves- Feeding | show 🗑
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| show | time in the growth phase where cattle are fed to produce beef, maximum feed intake & wt gain without digestive upset, most 1-2 yrs old, high energy diets.
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| show | total dry feed 2-3% body weight, protein 9-14% total energy, calcium, phosphorus, salt, Vitamins A & E.
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| Sheep (Ewes/breeding)- Feeding | show 🗑
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| show | require colostrum within 1st hour, start w/ milk replacer, weaned to solid feed at 3-4 wks. Need 16-20% protein.
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| Grower Lambs | show 🗑
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| show | over 85 lbs.
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| Colostridium perfringens | show 🗑
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| show | feeding represents 60-70% of the cost of production.
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| Breeding Pigs- Requirements | show 🗑
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| show | pigs from weaning until 50 lbs, protein needs 20-24%, high quality foods for these pigs.
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| Finishing Pigs | show 🗑
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| show | largest cost of operation in horses.
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| Horses- Feeding | show 🗑
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| Light Work Horses | show 🗑
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| show | horses that require 1.5% of horses body wt in dry matter, grain should be 2-3 lbs per hour of activity
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| show | horses that require 1.5% of horses body wt in dry matter, grain should be over 4 lbs per hour of activity.
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| Foals- Feeding | show 🗑
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| show | a method of supplementing the diet of young livestock, primarily in beef calves, by offering feed to animals who are still nursing.
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| Sick Horses- Feed | show 🗑
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Created by:
Riley.Scherf
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