PSYCH 3 - Neurobiolo
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| show | the study of the parts and functions of neurons
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| show | individual nerve cell
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| dendrites | show 🗑
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| soma | show 🗑
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| show | wirelike structure that extends from the soma and ends at the terminal buttons
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| show | a fatty covering around the axon that speeds neural impulses.
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| terminal buttons | show 🗑
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| show | chemicals located in vesicles that enable neurons to communicate.
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| show | the space between the terminal buttons of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron
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| receptor sites | show 🗑
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| show | when enough neurotransmitters are received to open the selectively permeable membrane of a neuron.
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| show | a change in charge that causes the electric message to fire
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| show | a neuron either fires completely or it does not fire at all.
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| show | when a nerve impulse is sent out from a cell body and reaches a certain threshold, the action potential will fire and send the signal down the axon.
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| show | neurotransmitters that excite the next cell into firing
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| inhibitory neurotransmitters | show 🗑
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| acetylcholine | show 🗑
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| show | neurotransmitter that serves the function of mood and muscle memory. deficit results in Parkinson's and excess results in schizophrenia
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| endorphins | show 🗑
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| show | neurotransmitter that serves the function of mood control, deficit results in clinical depression.
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| show | neurotransmitter that serves the function of sleep control. deficit results in sleep problems. this neurotransmitter begins to inhibit after 5 hours of not being exposed to light.
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| show | neurotransmitter that serves the functions of being excitatory and learning. deficits can result in migraines and seizures.
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| Oxytocin | show 🗑
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| Norepinephrine | show 🗑
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| show | neurons that receive information from the senses and deliver information to the brain.
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| efferent (motor) neurons | show 🗑
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| central nervous system | show 🗑
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| show | long bundle of nerves that extend from the brain through the spinal column of bone.
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| show | system consists of all the nerves in the rest of the body excluding those contained in bones.
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| somatic nervous system | show 🗑
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| autonomic nervous system | show 🗑
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| show | system that mobilizes our body to respond to stress, is the alert system of the body and can accelerate some automatic functions and reserve others.
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| show | system that slows down the sympathetic n.s. and the body after a stress response.
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| accidents | show 🗑
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| show | removal or destruction of the brain when necessary. example: frontal lobotomies.
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| EEG | show 🗑
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| CAT | show 🗑
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| MRI | show 🗑
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| show | scan that lets people see what areas of the brain are active during certain tasks and measures how much of a chemical (neurotransmitter) is being used in a specific part of brain.
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| fMRI | show 🗑
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| show | part of the brain located on the top of the spinal cord and controls the basic biological functions and is the life support system
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| show | part of hindbrain that controls blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing.
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| show | part of the hindbrain that connects the hindbrain with the mid and forebrain and controls facial expressions.
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| Cerebellum | show 🗑
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| Midbrain | show 🗑
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| Reticular formation | show 🗑
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| show | the part of the brain that controls thought and reason and makes humans "human"
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| show | part of the forebrain responsible for receiving sensory information and sending it to the appropriate areas of the brain.
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| Hypothalamus | show 🗑
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| Amygdala | show 🗑
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| show | part of the forebrain connected with the amygdala that is vital to our memory system by processing memories first before they enter the cerebral cortex
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| show | part of the brain involved with our behavioral and emotional responses, most are needed for survival such as feeding, reproduction, caring for young, and fight or flight responses.
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| show | the gray wrinkled surface that is super thin and made up of densely packed neurons.
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| Hemispheres | show 🗑
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| Left hemisphere | show 🗑
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| show | hemisphere of the cerebral cortex responsible for controlling motor functions of the left side of body and believed to be for spacial and creative tasks.
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| show | specialization in the functions of each hemisphere.
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| show | the bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex and allows each hemisphere to send signals and communicate with the other.
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| lobes | show 🗑
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| association area | show 🗑
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| frontal lobes | show 🗑
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| show | part of the frontal lobe that controls the muscles involved in producing language or speech
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| wernicke's area | show 🗑
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| motor cortex | show 🗑
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| parietal lobes | show 🗑
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| sensory cortex | show 🗑
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| occipital lobes | show 🗑
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| temporal lobes | show 🗑
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| brain plasticity | show 🗑
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| endocrine system | show 🗑
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| adrenal glands | show 🗑
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| show | identical twins that developed from one fertilized egg and have the same genetic DNA
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