Abnormal Psychology Exam 1
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| psychological disorder | show 🗑
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| abnormal behavior | show 🗑
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| show | psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation
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| show | scientific study of psychological disorders
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| scientist-practitioner | show 🗑
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| presenting problem | show 🗑
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| clinical description | show 🗑
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| show | number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time
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| show | number of new cases of a disorder apprearing during a specific period
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| show | pattern of development and change f a disorder over time
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| show | predicted future development of a disorder over time
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| etiology | show 🗑
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| show | religious rituals that attributes disordered behavior to possession by demons and seeks to treat the individual by driving the demons from the body
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| show | focus not only on psychological factors but on social and cultural ones as well
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| moral therapy | show 🗑
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| mental hygiene movement | show 🗑
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| show | psychoanalytic assessment and therapy, which emphasizes exploraton of, and insight into, unconscious processes and conflicts, started by Sigmund Freud
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| show | explanation of human behavior, including disfunction, based on principles of learning and adaptation derived from experimental psychology
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| show | part of the psychic makeup that is outside the awareness of the person
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| show | rapid or sudden releaase of emoional tension thought to be an important factor in psychoanalytical therapy
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| psychoanalytic model | show 🗑
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| show | in psychoanalysis, the unconscious psychical entity present at birth representing basic drives
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| ego | show 🗑
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| superego | show 🗑
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| intrapsychic conflicts | show 🗑
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| show | common patterns of behavorior, often adaptive coping styles when they occur in moderation, observed in response to particular situations. in psychoanalysis, these are thought to be unconscious processes origniating in the ego.
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| show | in psychoanalysis, the sequence of phases a person passes through during development. each stage is named for the location on the body where id gratification is maximizal at that time
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| show | in PA, the fear in young boys that they will be mutilated genitally because of their lust for their mothers
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| neurosis | show 🗑
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| ego psychology | show 🗑
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| object relations | show 🗑
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| show | accumulated wisdom of a culture collected and remembered across generations, a psychodynamic concept introduced by Carl Jung
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| show | psychoalaytic therapy technique intented to explore threatening material repressed into the unconscious. the patient is instructed to say whatever comes to mind witout censoring
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| dream analysis | show 🗑
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| psychoanalyst | show 🗑
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| show | psychoanalytic concept suggestigthe clients may seek to relate to the therapist as they do to important authority figures, particularly their parents
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| psychodynamic psychotherapy | show 🗑
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| show | process emphasized in humanistic psychology in which people strive to achieve their highest potential against difficult life experiences
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| show | therapy method in which the client, rather than the counselor, primarily directs the course of discussion, seeking self-discovery and self- responsibility
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| unconditional positive regard | show 🗑
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| show | .explanation of human behavior, including disfuction, based on principles of learning and adaptation derivedfrom experimental psychology
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| show | fundamental learning process first described by Ivan Pavlov. An event that automatically elicits a response paired with another stimulus event that does not (a neural stimulus). After repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus
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| extinction | show 🗑
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| introspection | show 🗑
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| systematic desensitization | show 🗑
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| show | array of therapy methods ased on the principles of behavioral and cognitive science, as well as principles of learning as applied to clinical problems. it considers specific behaviors rather than inferred conflicts as legitimate targets for change
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| reinforcement | show 🗑
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| show | in OC, the development of a new response by reinforcing successively more similar versions of that response. both desirable and undesirable behaviors may be learned in this manner
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| show | an approach to the study of psychopathology that hold psychological disorders as always being the products of multiple interacting casual factors
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| genes | show 🗑
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| diathesis-stress model | show 🗑
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| vulnerability | show 🗑
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| reciprocal gene-environment model | show 🗑
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| show | study of the nervous system and its role in behavior, thoughts, and emotions
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| neuron | show 🗑
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| synaptic cleft | show 🗑
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| neurotransmitters | show 🗑
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| show | chemical messenger produced by the endocrine glands
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| show | neurotransmitter currents or neural pathways in the brain
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| show | action by which a neurotransmitter is quickly drawn back into the discharging neuron after being released into a synaptic cleft
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| show | chemical substance that effectively increases the activity of a neurotransmitter by imitating its effects
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| show | in nueroscience, a chemical substance that decreases or blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter
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| inverse agonist | show 🗑
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| show | amino acid neurotransmitter that excites many different neurons, leading to action
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| gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) | show 🗑
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| show | NT involved in processing of info and coordination of movement, as well as inhibition and restraint. it also assits in the regulation of eating, sexual, and aggressive behaviors, all of which may be involved in different psychological disorders...
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| norepinephrine (aka. noradrenaline) | show 🗑
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| dopamine | show 🗑
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| show | field of study that examines how humans and other animals acquire, process, store, and retrieve info
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| show | Martin Seligman's theory that people become anxious and depressed when they make an attributiont hat they have no control over the stress in their lives
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| show | learning through observation and imitation of te behavior of other individuals and condequences of that behavior
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| show | an ability has been adaptive for evolution, allowing certain associations can be learned more readily than others
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| implicit memory | show 🗑
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| show | brain circuit in animals that when stimulated cuases an immediate alarm and escape response resembling human panic
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| show | pattern of action elicited by an external event and a feeling state, accompanied by a characteristic physiological response
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| mood | show 🗑
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| show | conscious, subjective aspect of an emotion that accompanies an action at a given time
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| equifinality | show 🗑
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| show | .systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in a person presenting with a possible psychological disorder
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| show | process of determining whether a presenting problem meets the established criteria for a specific psychological disorder
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| reliability | show 🗑
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| show | degree to which a technique measures what it intends to measure
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| show | process of establishing specif norms and requirements for a measurement technique to ensure it is used consistently across measurement occasions. this includes instructions for administering the measure, evaluating its findings, and comparing datas
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| mental status exam | show 🗑
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| behavioral assessment | show 🗑
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| show | psychoanalytically based measures that present ambiguous stimuli to clients on the assumption that their responses will reveal their unconsicous conflicts. these tests are inferential and lack reliability and validity
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| personality inventories | show 🗑
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| intelligence quotient (IQ) | show 🗑
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| neuropsychological testing | show 🗑
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| show | assessment error in which pathology is reported test results are positive) when none is actually present
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| show | assessment error in which no pathology is notes (test results are negative) when one is actually present
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| neuroimaging | show 🗑
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| show | measurement of changes in the nervous system reflecting psychological or emotional event such as anxiety, stress, and sexual arousal
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| show | measure of electrical activity patters in the brain, taken through electrodes placedon the scalp
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| idiographic strategy | show 🗑
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| nomothetic strategy | show 🗑
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| clasification | show 🗑
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| taxonomy | show 🗑
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| show | classification and naming system for medical ad psychological phenomena
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| show | in a naming system or nosology, the actual labels or names that are applied. in psychopathology, these include mood disorders and eating disorders
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| show | classification method founded on the assumption of clear-cut differences among disorders, each with a differnt known cause
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| show | method of categorizing characteristics on a continuum rather tahn on a binary, either-or, or all-or-none basis
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| show | system for categorizing disorders using both essential, defining characteristics and a range of variation and other charactistics
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| familial aggregation | show 🗑
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| comorbidy | show 🗑
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| show | applying a name to a phenonmenon or a pattern of behavior. may acquire negative connotations or be applied erroneously to the person rather than that person's behaviors
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| posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | show 🗑
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| show | severe reaction immediately following a terrifying event, often including amnsia about the event, emotional numbing, and derealization. these patients later get PTSD
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| show | pathological convern of individuals with the appearance of functioning of their bodies, usually in the absence of any indentifiable medical condition
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| show | disorder in which individuals feel detached from themselves or their surroundings and reality, experience, and identity may disintegrate
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| hypochondriasis | show 🗑
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| show | SD involving extreme and long-lasting on multiple physical symptoms for which no medical cause is evident
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| show | physical malfunctioning, such as blindness or paralysis, suggesting neurological impairment but with no organic pathology to account for it
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| malingering | show 🗑
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| factitious disorder | show 🗑
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| pain disorder | show 🗑
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| show | somatoform disorder featuring a disruptive preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance ("imagined ugliness")
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| derealization | show 🗑
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| show | dissociative disorder in which feeligs of depersonalization are so severe they dominate the client's life and prevent normal functioning
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| show | dissociative disorder featuring the inability to recall personal information, usually of a stressful or traumatic nature
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| generalized amnesia | show 🗑
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| show | memory loss limited to specific times and events, particularly taumatic events
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| dissociative fugue | show 🗑
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| show | altered state of consciousness in which people firmly believe they are possessed by spirits, considered a disorder only where there is distress and disfunction
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| dissoctiative identity disorder (DID) | show 🗑
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| show | shorthand term for alter egos, the different personalities or identities in dissociative identity disorder
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| mood disorders | show 🗑
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| major depressive episode | show 🗑
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| mania | show 🗑
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| hypomanic episode | show 🗑
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| mixed manic episode | show 🗑
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| show | mood disorder involving one or more (separated by at least 2 months without depression) major depressive episodes
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| dysthymic disorder | show 🗑
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| double depression | show 🗑
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| show | extreme reation to the death of a loved one that involves psyychotic features, suicidal ideation, or severe loss of weight or energy that persists for more than 2 months
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| bipolar II disorder | show 🗑
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| show | alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes
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| cyclothymic disorder | show 🗑
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| show | motor movement disturbance seen in peope with some psychoses and mood disorders in which bod postures are wazy and can be "sculpted" to remain fixed for long periods
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| show | psychotic symptoms of perceptual disturbance in which things are seen, heard, or otherwise sensed although they are not actually present
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| show | psychotic symptom involving disorder of thought content and presence of strong beliefs that are misrepresentations of reality
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| seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | show 🗑
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| neurohormones | show 🗑
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| learned helplessness theory of depression | show 🗑
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| show | thinking errors in depressed people negatively focued in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, andtheir future
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| show | biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the bain to produce seizeures. the reason for its effectiveness are unknown
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| show | treatment approach that involves identifying and altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety and replacing them with more positive beliefs and attitudes
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| interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) | show 🗑
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| show | combination of continued psychosocial treatment, psychosocial treatment, medication, or both desiged to revent relapse following therapy
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| show | efforts to kill oneself
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| suicidal ideation | show 🗑
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| show | postmortem (after death) psychological profile of a suicide victim constructed from interviews with people who knew the person before death
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