SocPsych Theme 5
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| prejudice | negative emotional response or dislike based on group membership (affective component)
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| discrimination | differential treatment based on group membership (behavioral component)
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| stereotyping | beliefs about what members of a social group like (cognitive component)
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| risk averse | people tend to weigh possible losses more heavily than equivalent potential gains
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| gender stereotypes | beliefs concerning the characteristics of women & men
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| glass ceiling | final barrier that prevents women as a group from reaching top positions in the workplace
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| glass cliff effect | women gaining admittance to values leadership positions when a crisis has occurred and there is a greater risk of failure
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| tokenism | where only a few members of a previously excluded group are admitted
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| shifting standards | the same evaluation rating being given to different groups are still influences by stereotypes
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| objective scales | rating where the meaning is the same no matter who they are applied to
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| subjective scales | standards that take on different meaning depending on who they are applied to
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| singlism | the negatives stereotyping & discrimination that is directed toward people who are single
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| subtype | group individuals can be put into when they do not adhere to a stereotype instead of altering it
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| essences | a biological based feature that distinguishes that group from other groups
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| incidental feelings | feelings caused by factors other than the outgroup per se that can generate automatic prejudice
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| causes of prejudice | - threat to self-esteem
- competition for resources
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| zero-sum outcomes | if one group gets it the other cannot
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| social identity theory | theory that suggests individuals seek to feel positively about the groups they belong to as part of our self-esteem is derived from these groups
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| identity fusion | the extent to which a person sees the self & their group as overlapping
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| existential threat | threat stemming from anxiety based on our own awareness of mortality
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| modern racism | concealing prejudice from other in public but expressing bigoted attitudes when it is safe to do so
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| bona fide pipeline | a technique that makes use of priming to study implicit or automatically activated racial attitudes
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| collective guilt | an emotional response that people can experience when they perceive their group as responsible for illegitimate wrongdoings
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| moral disengagement | no longer seeing sanctioning as necessary for perpetrating harm
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| social learning view | view that states children acquire negative attitudes toward various social groups because they hear such views expressed by significant others & are rewarded for adopting these views
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| contact hypothesis | racial prejudice being reduced by increased degree of contact between different groups
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| recategorizations | shifts in the boundary between us and them
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| common ingroup identity model | to the extent that individuals who belong to different social groups come to view themselves as members of a single social entity, their attitudes toward each other become more positive
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| white identity management | actively tuning their cognitions concerning whiteness in ways that immunize the self from threat (3Ds)
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| the invisibility thesis | thesis that states that whiteness is important because its invisible
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| procedural color-blindness | color-blindness that implies a lack of race-conscious decision making
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| distributive color-blindness | color-blindness that implies equalizing different racial groups outcomes
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| 3 consequences of ingroup identification | - self-ingroup merging (extent to which group & individuals memory are linked)
- ingroup over exclusion (desire to maintain a pure ingroup)
- accuracy motivation (desire to determine outgroup & ingroup)
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| meritocratic threat | threat to idea that success was due to merit & not because of position (i.e white identity), occurs when individuals worry they are failing to live up to culturally sacrosanct achievement values
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| group-image threat | occurs when individuals acknowledge membership in a historically oppressive group that reaps undeserved benefits from the social order
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| deny | made for combating meritocratic threat
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| distance | distancing their own self-concepts from the offending social identity
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| dismantle | to embrace policies and behaviors aimed at reducing ingroup privilege
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| the contact hypothesis | intergroup bias substantially reduces via intergroup encounters that, among other things, give rise to a sense of common identity shared by members of both groups
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| benevolent sexism | the belief that women are wonderful, pure, whose live is required to make a man whole
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| Stereotypic (in)accuracy | overestimating stereotypic attributes (English are polite), underestimating counter stereotypic attributes (English are rude)
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| Valence (in)accuracy | misestimating the overall positivity/negativity of the group
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| Dispersion (in)accuracy | misestimating homogeneity
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| Illusory correlation | Small groups are to a greater extent associated with negative events
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