Biological Bases of Behavior, Module 9 + 10
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Cell Body | show 🗑
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show | a neuron's often bushy, branching extensions that receive and integrate messages, conducting impulses toward the cell body
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Axon | show 🗑
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Myelin Sheath | show 🗑
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show | cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons; they also play a role in learning, thinking, and memory
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show | a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon
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Threshold | show 🗑
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show | in neural processing, a brief resting pause that occurs after a neuron has fired; subsequent action potentials cannot occur until the axon returns to its resting state
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show | a neuron's reaction or either firing or not firing
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Synapse | show 🗑
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show | the gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the next receiving neuron
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show | chemical messages that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by a sending neuron, they travel across the synapse and bind to the receptor sites of the receiving neuron
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show | a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron
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show | enables muscle action, learning, memory
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show | influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
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show | affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
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show | helps control alertness and arousal
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GABA | show 🗑
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show | a major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory
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show | neurotransmitters that influence the perception of pain and pleasure
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show | a molecule that increases a neurotransmitters's actions
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Antagonist | show 🗑
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show | the brain and the spinal cord; the body's decision maker
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Peripheral Nervous System | show 🗑
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Sensory (afferent) Neurons | show 🗑
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show | neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and the spina cord to the muscles and glands
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show | neurons within the brain and spinal cord; they communicate internally and process information between the sensory inputs and the motor outputs
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Somatic Nervous System | show 🗑
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show | the part of the PNS that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs
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show | the part of the ANS that arouses the body and mobilizes energy
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Parasympathetic Nervous System | show 🗑
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show | -70 millivolts
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