QCE Agricultural Science
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | a substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or animals; may be inorganic and organic
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| show | a chemical substance that is toxic to insects, used to control or prevent pest insects
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| define and describe herbicide | show 🗑
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| show | a chemical that destroys fungus
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| show | a substance used to kill nematodes (roundworms)
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| show | an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests using a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural practices, and use of resistant varieties
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| show | the practice of using a range of measures to prevent and manage diseases in crops
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| define integrated weed management (IWM) | show 🗑
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| define the law of supply | show 🗑
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| define the law of demand | show 🗑
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| show | If a slight change in price leads to a sharp change in quantity demanded or supplied e.g. tv’s
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| describe and explain important agronomic practices | show 🗑
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| describe inelasticity of supply | show 🗑
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| show | Weight of seed/square meter. Will depend on size of seed. Increased number of seeds will increase plant number and therefore production. Increases vegetative growth. However, this can also increase competition between plants for nutrients and water.
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| describe and explain seed depth and how this impacts plant production | show 🗑
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| show | the space between the planting rows. E.g. in corn 90cm rows. Increases the number of plants and thus production. Can reduce reproductive yield (grain production) after a certain population. Plants closer together can reduce competition with weeds.
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| show | saturation, field capacity and permanent wilting point in the soil. At PWP, plants will experience water stress as none is available to the plant. Irrigation artificially extends the growing season. Irrigation types/soil water monitoring also covered
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| describe and explain nutrient management and how this impacts plant production | show 🗑
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| show | includes decomposition, respiration, photosynthesis, sedimentation, combustion (you need to learn what each of these mean)
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| show | includes assimilation, nitrification, denitrification, eutrophication, ammonification, fixation (you need to learn what each of these mean)
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| show | nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen is required less at planting compared to other agricultural crops
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| intra-row spacing | show 🗑
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| inter-row spacing | show 🗑
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| show | agricultural practices that are used to enhance crop and livestock health and prevent weed, pest or disease problems without the use of chemical substances. e.g. choosing resistant crop varieties, cover cropping, land preparation, crop rotation
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| describe biological control practices of pests and diseases | show 🗑
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| describe physical control practices of pests and diseases | show 🗑
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| describe and explain how soil management techniques can support sustainable plant production | show 🗑
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| show | products added to a soil to improve its physical and/or chemical properties e.g. organic mulch, gypsum, lime and their impact on soil properties
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| describe tillage | show 🗑
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| show | Includes factors that can be manipulated to influence plant production including - soil depth, sowing rate, plant spacing, water requirements, nutrient requirements, legumes and inoculation, cultural practices (organic matter)
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| Suggested Practical: Plant hormones and production | show 🗑
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| show | a plant hormone that causes the elongation of cells in shoots, secondary thickening of stems and roots, fruit development and apical dominance. e.g. Sunflowers
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| show | any of a group of plant hormones that stimulate stem elongation, germination and flowering
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| show | Applied to reduce the time taken for fruit ripening
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| show | any of a class of plant hormones that promote cell division and growth and delay the senescence of leaves
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| show | often referred to as an inhibitory hormone; it is involved in the closure of stomata, bud and seed dormancy
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| show | post- harvest transport, ripening, grading, washing and product handling (cold chain)
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| show | Name crop, region and pest/disease. e.g. Citrus Canker - citrus (Emerald), Cabbage Moth - brassica crops (Stanthorpe), Onion Thrips - horticultural crops (Gatton/Toowoomba/Bundaberg), Red Scale - Citrus (Emerald, Gayndah, Mundubbera)
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| describe and explain plant breeding as a control measure for plant pests, weeds and diseases | show 🗑
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| show | E.g. Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa) Life cycle is 4-6 weeks in summer, 8-12 weeks in spring or autumn. Larva grow from eggs through six instar stages. Larvae feed on leaves, flower buds, flowers, developing pods, fruits and seeds
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| describe the role of beneficial organisms in plant production systems. | show 🗑
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| describe natural asexual propagation methods | show 🗑
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| show | where human intervention is required to create a new plant. E.g. budding, grafting, marcotting, tissue culture
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| show | a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions (in a lab) on a nutrient culture medium of known composition for the purposes of reproduction
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| describe cuttings | show 🗑
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| describe budding | show 🗑
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| show | a horticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together, the upper part of the combined plant is called the scion while the lower part is called the rootstock
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| discuss plant varieties and their selection and use in production systems to increase yields | show 🗑
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| show | the mating of unrelated plants or animals of different breeds or the crossing of unrelated plants
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| show | includes crossbreeding, tissue culture, hybridisation and genetic modification
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| describe and explain genetic modification | show 🗑
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| show | BT cotton, Roundup Ready Canola, Bollgard Cotton, BT corn, Flavr Savr Tomato
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| discuss GMO crops and sustainability | show 🗑
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| show | the raw product that is produced (i.e. not processed) wheat, corn, sugar cane
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| show | Additional processing of a product so it can be sold for a higher price E.g. wheat – processing it into flour E.g. ACC and meat patties/sausages. Potatoes – washed versus dirty, or can be cut up and sold as hash browns or chips
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| show | operations that create a more uniform product. E.g. washing, cutting, grading or sizing, Cropping and horticultural enterprises have more scope to process on farm than beef and sheep producers (unless there is an abattoir on farm).
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| show | the markets within Australia
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| show | markets in other countries where Australia sells our produce. Australia's biggest commodities are meat and live animals, grains (wheat, barley), cotton, oilseeds (canola) and pulses (mungbean and chickpeas).
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| identify and describe importing | show 🗑
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| show | from the farm gate, raw products are transported to manufacturers/processes and transformed (graded, cleaned, packaged, processed, slaughtered), goods are then transported/stored or distributed before being sent on to retailers and ultimately, consumers
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| describe vertical integration of the supply chain | show 🗑
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| describe horizontal integration of the supply chain | show 🗑
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| show | the risk-avoidance practice of producing a variety of outputs (crops or animals), or both, on one farm, as distinguished from specialising in a single commodity)
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| show | a tax or duty that businesses pay on the goods they import.
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| show | an international treaty between two or more economies that reduces or eliminates certain barriers to trade, such as tariffs.
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| show | A place, real or virtual, where suppliers and consumers come together to exchange goods or services
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| define market specifications | show 🗑
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| show | examples include
- direct marketing
- online
- Auctions
- marketing bodies
- futures
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| show | refers to production systems that inhabit non-polluting spaces and/or that use reduced or no chemical inputs. This has been used as a marketing tool by the Australian Government to promote agricultural products overseas
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| identify supply factors that cause market values to fluctuate, affecting the price of agricultural products | show 🗑
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| show | factors including price and income, consumer preference, population changes, advertising
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| define price equilibrium | show 🗑
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