Seed Morphology; Seed Physiology
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| What is the embryo axis? | Embryonic root and shoot
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| What is the epicotyl? | Part of the embryo's axis above the cotyledon
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| What is the hypocotyl? | Part of the embryo's axis below the cotyledon
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| What part is derived from the cell resulting from the fusion of the egg and the sperm? | The embryo
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| Describe why apomixis results in a seed that is actually a form of asexual propagation | Develops solely from maternal tissue; vegetative cells in flower develop into zygotes to form seeds
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| Of the tissues making up the embryo axis (plumule, epicotyl, hypocotyl, radicle) which are shoot tissue and which are root tissue | Shoot tissue: Plumule, epicotyl, and hypocotyl
Root tissue: Radicle
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| What seed structure(s) contains carbohydrates? | Cotyldons
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| When you eat green beans or snow peas as a (culinary) vegetable, are you eating pericarp or seed coat or both? | Both, Ovule wall is the seed coat; Ovary wall is the pericarp
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| What external factors are required for germination? | Water, oxygen, sunlight, temperature
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| Outline the process through which the seed's embryo receives useful energy from the starch stored in the cotyledon or endosperm. | Respiration converts the starch stored in the endosperm or cotyledon into Adenosine triphosphate used in apical meristems and the radicle for cell division
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| What are the factors required for successful long term seed storage? How do these compare to the factors required for germination? | Dry, cold, no oxygen; Germination can be restricted by limiting an external factor
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| What are the different types of dormancy? | Endodormancy: Temperate plants, internal biochemical processes, first stage
Ectodormancy: External factors aren't being met
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| How do you encourage germination in a seed with ectodormancy? | Change conditions to be optimal for germination
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| Fluffy fibers attached to seeds that let them fly and burrs that get caught on animal coats are adaptations used by seeds for: | Dispersing the seed
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| The epicotyl is ______ tissue. | Shoot
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| The cotyledon is ______ tissue. | Shoot
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| The radicle is ______ tissue. | Root
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| The hypocotyl is ______ tissue | Shoot
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| If a quiescent, but not dormant, seed is planted in the soil, and has appropriate growing conditions, it begins to respire. What does respiration provide to the germinating seed? | ATP
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| Fatty acids are components of: | Lipids
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| What seed structure(s) store carbohydrates important for germination and initial seedling growth? | Cotyledon and endosperm
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| Short term seed storage at home typically focuses on limiting which condition required for germination? | Water
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| Dormancy is a strategy used by seeds primarily for: | Surviving harsh conditions
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| Immature tissue versus seed structure Egg Ovule wall Ovary wall 2 polar nuclei and sperm | Embryo
Seed coat
Pericarp
Endosperm
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| The cotyledons attachment point to the embryo axis is the: | Transition zone between hypocotyl and epicotyl
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| Scarification is used to: | Break impermeable seed coat
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| Starch is made up of: | A chain of glucose
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