SWAST EMD Training Pack Refresher Section A: Part 5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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Abnormal Chest Sounds: Inspiratory Stridor | show 🗑
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show | High-pitched whistle-like sound heard during exhalation as air moves through a narrow or obstructed airway. A wheeze may also be lower-pitched, having a snoring or moaning quality in which they are referred to as rhonchi.
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Abnormal Chest Sounds: Gurgling | show 🗑
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show | Hoarse / harsh sound that occurs when air flows past relaxed tissues in your throat, causing the tissues to vibrate as you breathe. Occurs due to partial occlusion by the tongue.
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show | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease
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show | Airways have generally become narrowed due to chronic deterioration of the lung tissue making it difficult to get in and out of the lungs.
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show | Indicates a long term problem that is generally incurable and progressive in nature.
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Patients with mild COPD | show 🗑
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Common types of COPD | show 🗑
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show | An attack occurs when the smaller airways (bronchioles) of the lower airways, narrow (bronchoconstriction):
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show | Spasms of small muscles in the airway structure,
Oedema (swelling) of the lower airway structure,
Obstruction due to mucous build up.
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show | Patients are likely to have a history and previous diagnosis of asthma. Patients with asthma are likely to have exhausted options available to them as a means to manage their condition before seeking assistance.
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Asthma: relevant medical history questions | show 🗑
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show | Stress, anxiety, exercise, cold (etc.)
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show | Smoke, spores, dander, pollen, food, medications, dust (etc.)
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ABC Signs and Symptoms of Asthma: Airway | show 🗑
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show | - Hyperventilation
- Wheeze
- Inspiratory & Expiratory
- Silent Chest ( insufficient air movement to cause a wheeze - life threatening)
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show | - Pale, cold, clammy skin
- Cyanosis (blue) lips, nailbed
- decreasing level of consciousness
- Rapid pulse rate
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show | - Difficulty speaking between breaths
- Use of accessory muscles
- Tripod position (see image on right)
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Special considerations: Asthma patients | show 🗑
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Brittle Asthma | show 🗑
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Status Asthmatics | show 🗑
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Management of asthma (conscious patient) | show 🗑
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show | Danger (safe?)
Response (patient alert?)
-catastrophic bleeding (stop bleeding)
Airway (open / clear?)
Breathing
-Severity of attack, Signs of 'ineffective breathing'? Severity of difficulty
Circulation
-Skin colour, Temprature, Pulse rate
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show | Expiratory wheeze, Able to speak in sentences
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Severity of breathing difficulty: Moderate | show 🗑
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Severity of breathing difficulty: Severe | show 🗑
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'Cannot breathe' - From an asthmatic | show 🗑
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show | "reliever" medication (Ventolin in a blue/grey inhaler), 1-2 puffs every 2 mins and up to 10 puffs.
Spacer devices used to improve the administration of the medication.
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Home nebuliser: | show 🗑
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Coaching breathing: | show 🗑
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Chronic Bronchitis (Blue Bloaters) | show 🗑
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Emphysema (Pink Puffers) | show 🗑
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show | Lack of oxygen to the brain during an attack can lead to unconsciousness, confusion and drowsyness
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Airway: What physiological changes occur in the lower air passages with COPD | show 🗑
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Breathing: Consider the signs and symptoms of breathing difficulty which may be evident in COPD? What position is likely to be adopted? | show 🗑
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Circulation: Consider the signs and symptoms of circulatory compromise which could indicate the patient is in respiratory distress in COPD? What sights could indicate ineffective breathing? | show 🗑
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show | A permanent hole in windpipe made by surgeon. Lower part of the neck to breathe through it. Stoma stays open on its own. Sometimes a temporary tube used to keep open, few days after surgery (rare)
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What is a Tracheostomy | show 🗑
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show | Swelling after head/neck surgery, a cancerous tumour - mouth cancer, laryngeal cancer or thyroid glad cancer. Birth defects that cause the airways to narrow.
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show | Bronchitis
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show | Alveoli
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show | Carbon Dioxide
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Large muscle involved in respiration | show 🗑
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Space in-between the membranes covering the lungs | show 🗑
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Structures which form when the trachea initially divides | show 🗑
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show | Lungs
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Part of the upper respiratory System | show 🗑
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show | trachea
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Blue tinge visible on the skin due to a lack of oxygen in the blood | show 🗑
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show | Asthma
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show | Oxygen
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Fast, rapid, breathing | show 🗑
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show | Dyspnoea
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show | Emphysema
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