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SWAST EMD Training Pack Refresher Section A: Part 5

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Question
Answer
Abnormal Chest Sounds: Inspiratory Stridor   show
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show High-pitched whistle-like sound heard during exhalation as air moves through a narrow or obstructed airway. A wheeze may also be lower-pitched, having a snoring or moaning quality in which they are referred to as rhonchi.  
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Abnormal Chest Sounds: Gurgling   show
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show Hoarse / harsh sound that occurs when air flows past relaxed tissues in your throat, causing the tissues to vibrate as you breathe. Occurs due to partial occlusion by the tongue.  
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show Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease  
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show Airways have generally become narrowed due to chronic deterioration of the lung tissue making it difficult to get in and out of the lungs.  
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show Indicates a long term problem that is generally incurable and progressive in nature.  
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Patients with mild COPD   show
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Common types of COPD   show
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show An attack occurs when the smaller airways (bronchioles) of the lower airways, narrow (bronchoconstriction):  
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show Spasms of small muscles in the airway structure, Oedema (swelling) of the lower airway structure, Obstruction due to mucous build up.  
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show Patients are likely to have a history and previous diagnosis of asthma. Patients with asthma are likely to have exhausted options available to them as a means to manage their condition before seeking assistance.  
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Asthma: relevant medical history questions   show
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show Stress, anxiety, exercise, cold (etc.)  
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show Smoke, spores, dander, pollen, food, medications, dust (etc.)  
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ABC Signs and Symptoms of Asthma: Airway   show
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show - Hyperventilation - Wheeze - Inspiratory & Expiratory - Silent Chest ( insufficient air movement to cause a wheeze - life threatening)  
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show - Pale, cold, clammy skin - Cyanosis (blue) lips, nailbed - decreasing level of consciousness - Rapid pulse rate  
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show - Difficulty speaking between breaths - Use of accessory muscles - Tripod position (see image on right)  
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Special considerations: Asthma patients   show
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Brittle Asthma   show
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Status Asthmatics   show
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Management of asthma (conscious patient)   show
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show Danger (safe?) Response (patient alert?) -catastrophic bleeding (stop bleeding) Airway (open / clear?) Breathing -Severity of attack, Signs of 'ineffective breathing'? Severity of difficulty Circulation -Skin colour, Temprature, Pulse rate  
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show Expiratory wheeze, Able to speak in sentences  
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Severity of breathing difficulty: Moderate   show
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Severity of breathing difficulty: Severe   show
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'Cannot breathe' - From an asthmatic   show
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show "reliever" medication (Ventolin in a blue/grey inhaler), 1-2 puffs every 2 mins and up to 10 puffs. Spacer devices used to improve the administration of the medication.  
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Home nebuliser:   show
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Coaching breathing:   show
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Chronic Bronchitis (Blue Bloaters)   show
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Emphysema (Pink Puffers)   show
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show Lack of oxygen to the brain during an attack can lead to unconsciousness, confusion and drowsyness  
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Airway: What physiological changes occur in the lower air passages with COPD   show
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Breathing: Consider the signs and symptoms of breathing difficulty which may be evident in COPD? What position is likely to be adopted?   show
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Circulation: Consider the signs and symptoms of circulatory compromise which could indicate the patient is in respiratory distress in COPD? What sights could indicate ineffective breathing?   show
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show A permanent hole in windpipe made by surgeon. Lower part of the neck to breathe through it. Stoma stays open on its own. Sometimes a temporary tube used to keep open, few days after surgery (rare)  
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What is a Tracheostomy   show
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show Swelling after head/neck surgery, a cancerous tumour - mouth cancer, laryngeal cancer or thyroid glad cancer. Birth defects that cause the airways to narrow.  
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show Bronchitis  
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show Alveoli  
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show Carbon Dioxide  
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Large muscle involved in respiration   show
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Space in-between the membranes covering the lungs   show
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Structures which form when the trachea initially divides   show
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show Lungs  
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Part of the upper respiratory System   show
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show trachea  
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Blue tinge visible on the skin due to a lack of oxygen in the blood   show
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show Asthma  
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show Oxygen  
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Fast, rapid, breathing   show
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show Dyspnoea  
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show Emphysema  
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