Attempt 2
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| What is a country? | show 🗑
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| show | The largest political unit in international relations, the formal term for country
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| show | 1. It has defined boundaries
2. It contains a permanent population
3. It maintains sovereignty over its domestic and international affairs
4. It is recognized by other states
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| What is a nation? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Share a common cultural heritage
2. Have beliefs and values that help unify them
3. Claim a particular space based on tradition as their homeland
4. Desire to establish their own state or express self-determination in another way
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| What is nationalism? | show 🗑
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| What is sovereignty? | show 🗑
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| show | The concept that nations have the right to govern themselves
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| What is a nation-state? | show 🗑
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| show | A country that contains more than one nation.
- Usually one nation controls most of the political power
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| What is an autonomous region? | show 🗑
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| What is a semi-autonomous region? | show 🗑
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| show | When a nation has a state but stretches across borders of other states.
Ex. South Korea and North Korea
Ex. Hungarians – Hungary and Romania
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| show | Cultural groups with no political entity
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| What is the largest stateless nation? | show 🗑
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| show | The Kurds, Basques, Palestinians
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| Who are the Kurds? | show 🗑
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| show | A people who live in both Spain and France in areas bordering the Bay of Biscay and encompassing the western foothills of the Pyrenees Mountains. They have a mysterious history. They come from central Spain and France
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| Who are the Palestinians? | show 🗑
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| show | They consider the Kurdish-majority regions of northern and northeastern Syria to be Western Kurdistan (Kurdish: Rojavaye Kurdistane) and seek political autonomy within Syria or outright independence as part of an independent Kurdistan.
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| show | The Sykes-Picot agreement dissolved the Ottoman Empire and creates an autonomous Kurdish state. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Turkey’s new leader, rejects Sevres and replaced it in 1923 with the Treaty of Lausanne which erases the Kurdish homeland.
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| show | The 1916 Sykes-Picot agreement divided the Middle East into British and French zones of influence and was signed in 1920.
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| show | States with a very small land area
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| What are some examples of the roughly 24 microstates? | show 🗑
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| show | Controlling another country or group of people; by direct conquest, economic control, or cultural dominance
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| show | A type of imperialism in which people move into and settle on the land of another country
Early Colonialism – 1492 to the early 1800s
Led by Portugal, Spain, England, and France
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| What are the three G's? | show 🗑
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| How did Europe justify their conquest in the period between 1492 and the early 1800s? | show 🗑
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| show | Industrialization
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| show | Fourteen nations, in particular France, Germany, Great Britain, and Portugal discussed the partitioning of Africa, establishing rules to amicably divide resources among the Western countries at the expense of the African people.
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| What was the Sykes-Picot Agreement? | show 🗑
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| show | It made them a stateless nation
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| What is decolonization? | show 🗑
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| show | Control over developing countries exerted through indirect means, whether economic, political, or cultural power
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| What is a prime example of neocolonialism? | show 🗑
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| show | Small nations, especially in Central America, dependent on one crop or the influx of foreign capital. As a result, such countries are typically controlled by foreign-owned companies or industries.
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| What is territoriality? | show 🗑
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| What is an example of a formal boundary? | show 🗑
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| show | Rival gang terfs
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| show | 1. Define – legal documents established to define points of the boundary
2. Delimit – drawing the boundary on a map
3. Demarcate – facts on the ground; signs, fences
4. Administer
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| What are the three types of borders? | show 🗑
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| What is land reclamation? | show 🗑
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| What is dredging? | show 🗑
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| show | Boundary set by physical features
Ex. The border between Missouri and Illinois; the border between China and India
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| show | A straight line drawn by people that does not follow a physical feature
Ex. The boundary between Raymore and Belton; much of the US/Canada border
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| show | A boundary set before a large population was present, often set on a natural boundary
Ex. The US/Canadian border
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| What is a subsequent boundary? | show 🗑
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| What is a superimposed boundary? | show 🗑
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| show | A boundary that no longer exists, but evidence of it still exists on the landscape
Ex. West Germany vs. East Germany
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| show |
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| show | A type of subsequent boundary that takes into account the differences that exist within a cultural landscape, separating groups that have distinct languages, religions, ethnicities, or other traits
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| show | To reduce a conflict
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| show | The states carved out of the former Yugoslavia
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| show | When two or more parties disagree over how to interpret the legal documents or maps that identify a boundary
Ex. Chile and Argentina dispute their borders in the Andes
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| show | Disputes that center on where the boundary should be
Ex. Germany and Poland after World War I. The new maps upset many nationalists because it placed ethnic Germans outside of German borders.
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| What is irredentism? | show 🗑
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| What is an operational boundary dispute? | show 🗑
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| What is an allocational boundary dispute? | show 🗑
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| show | Iraqi and Kuwaiti oil fields – Iraq has repeatedly accused Kuwait of Slant Drilling – this was one of Iraq’s justification for their 1991 invasion of the small nation
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| show | Water rights
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| Why are borders in large bodies of water (oceans) important? | show 🗑
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| show | Established in the 1970s and has been signed by 157 countries
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| What are the four zones of naval boundaries established by the UNCLS? | show 🗑
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| In the UNCLS what defines a territorial sea? | show 🗑
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| In the UNCLS what defines a contiguous zone? | show 🗑
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| show | Coastal states can explore, extract minerals, and manage up to 200 nautical miles
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| In the UNCLS what defines the high seas? | show 🗑
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| What happens when two countries share a waterway that is 24 nautical miles apart? | show 🗑
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| show | If a country has many islands their EEZ can be huge
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| What is morphology? | show 🗑
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| show | It can influence how people interact
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| What may happen that can lead to conflict in a highly populated central region? | show 🗑
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| show | A state whose distance from the center does not significantly vary; Ex. Poland, Zimbabwe
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| show | A long state; Ex. Chile, Norway, Gambia
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| show | A state with a compact area with an extension; Ex. India, DR Congo
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| What is a perforated state? | show 🗑
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| show | A state that is scattered (often islands) from the core; Ex. Philippines, Indonesia, USA
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| What is a choke point? | show 🗑
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| show | A valley, defile, bridge, or point at sea that can be controlled and disrupt the movement of others
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| show | The Panama Canal, the Spratly Islands, the Strait of Gibraltar, the Khyber Pass
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| show | The mountain pass that divides Afghanistan and Pakistan. Relevant at many points in history including the conquests of Alexander the Great all the way to the US occupation of Afghanistan. 80% of US & NATO supplies delivered via land went through it
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| What is Gibraltar? | show 🗑
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| What is a shatterbelt? | show 🗑
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| show | Fragmentation
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| What is fragmentation? | show 🗑
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| In terms of governmental structure what are most people under? | show 🗑
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| What is a federal government? | show 🗑
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| show | A government which is often described as a centralized government, and has all powers held by the government belong to a single, central agency. The central (national) government creates local units of government for its convenience
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| How is the authority of government distributed in a federal government? | show 🗑
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| How is the authority of government distributed in a unitary government? | show 🗑
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| show | Multiple levels of power; power diffused throughout the hierarchy
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| show | No hierarchy of sovereign powers
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| show | Multiple ethnic groups with significant minorities; large landmasses
Ex: USA, Russia, Canada, Belgium
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| show | Few cultural differences and small minorities; smaller states
Ex: Japan, Egypt, Spain, China
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| Many federal states use federal systems to placate various cultural differences, what is a good example of this? | show 🗑
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| show | US – democratic
Russia – undemocratic
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| What are two examples of unitary nations and do they use democracy? | show 🗑
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| What is reapportionment? | show 🗑
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| What is redistricting? | show 🗑
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| show | Drawing boundaries for political districts by the party or group in power to extend or cement their advantage
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| What is cracking? | show 🗑
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| show | Combining like-minded voters into one district to prevent them from affecting elections in other districts
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| show | When 3 or more countries form an organization to collectively achieve greater benefits for all members.
Formed to create military alliances, promote trade, or combat environmental problems.
This often involves sacrificing some degree of sovereignty.
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| show | UN, NATO, EU, ASEAN, Arctic Council, African Union, OPEC, UNESCO, Kyoto Protocol, Antarctic Treaty
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| show | Companies that conduct business on a global scale.
The influence of states has been weakened because these companies can easily transfer operations. These companies seek to operate at larger economies of scale to cut costs and increase profits.
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| Why might a company want to move operations to a different country? | show 🗑
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| What are the pros and cons of transnational corporations? | show 🗑
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| What is horizontal integration? | show 🗑
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| What is vertical integration? | show 🗑
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| show | Increase the economy of scale of corporations
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| What is devolution? | show 🗑
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| How does physical geography cause devolution? | show 🗑
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| How does ethnic or linguistic separatism cause devolution? | show 🗑
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| show | Organized violence aimed at government and civilian targets that is intended to create fear to further political aims. Ethnic separatists often employ it in hopes of achieving devolution. On a global scale it often has roots in a specific region
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| show | A Sunni Muslim terrorist group that started in Afghanistan in the 1980s fighting the USSR. In the 1990s the group focused its aggression towards the USA for supporting the Saudi Arabian monarchy and Israel
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| What causes of devolution have the Basque people experienced? | show 🗑
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| show | Control of natural resources can prompt regions to advocate for devolution. They argue that the money from these resources should be used locally to improve quality of life. Central governments often argue that the profits should go to the country.
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| Where is Nigeria's oil located? | show 🗑
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| show | Describes people who have a primary allegiance to their traditional group or ethnicity and not the national state
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| What are some examples of subnationalism? | show 🗑
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| show | A movement to unite people who share a language or other cultural elements but are divided by national boundaries
Ex. Germany in WWI and WWII
Ex. Current Russian aggression in Ukraine
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| show | Terrorism, subnationalism, and irredentism
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| show | Fragmentation, and the disintegration of the state
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| What are some examples of a state disintegration? | show 🗑
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| What is balkanization? | show 🗑
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| show | In the early 1900s this region experienced ethnic conflict between the Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Bulgars, Romanians, and others.
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| show | They for independence from the Ottoman Turks and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In the years before WW1, this region was known as the Powder Keg of Europe. The communist era provided stability in the region, but it fell into war again in the 90s.
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| show | They can make concessions to disgruntled regions. In particular forming autonomous states
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| show | The Navajo Nation in the USA
Jewish Autonomous Oblast in eastern Russia
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| show | The extent of regional unrest among disaffected citizens, ability of legal systems to enforce contracts and property rights, level of compliance with paying taxes, and freedom to express diverse political views
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| show | A cultural value that tends to unify people
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| show | Unifying institutions such as schools - history classes that promote the state, pledging allegiance
Holidays
Nationalism
Forward Capital
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| show | A capital city that is relocated for economic, political, or strategic symbolism. Attempts to create unity or a stronger state.
Ex. Brasilia; Abuja, Nigeria
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| show | Political identity
Economic development
Cultural practices
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| What does a developed infrastructure provide? | show 🗑
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| show | The capital of Brazil relocated to the center of the state to unify and spur economic development in the interior. It was designed in the shape of a plane to represent progress. Many people complain that the city has no pulse and is stale.
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| What is the definition of centrifugal forces? | show 🗑
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| What are some examples of centrifugal forces? | show 🗑
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| show | Nationalism
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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