People To Know
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| Soloman Asch | Experimented with social conformity finding that many conform to a group’s ideas even if clearly wrong.
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| Albert Bandura | Showed the importance of observation and modeling during learning; Bobo Doll Experiment.
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| Albert Ellis | Created the rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), a cognitive theory developed for confronting and changing irrational beliefs and behaviors.
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| Erik Erikson | Created the 8 stages of psychosocial development, pointing out specific struggles occurring to certain cohorts.
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| Sigmund Freud | Believed that behavior much driven by unconscious drives and a battle between the id, ego, and superego. He also studied psychosexual development that isn’t applied today.
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| Harry Harlow | Experimented with monkeys to understand the influence of physical touch and nurturing on a child’s development; monkeys preferred physical affection over food.
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| Lawrence Kohlberg | Created the stages of moral development, increasing in complexity with age.
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| Abraham Maslow | Created the hierarchy of needs beginning with biological needs and ending with a need to fulfill your potential or self-actualization.
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| Stanley Milgram | Obedience was measured by the level of shock that the participant was willing to deliver. While many of the subjects became extremely agitated, distraught, and angry at the experimenter, they nevertheless continued to follow orders all the way to the end.
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| Ivan Pavlov | Experimented with dogs to understand classical conditioning. He also found that conditioned responses can go “extinct” or spontaneously recover.
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| Jean Piaget | Proposed 4 stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational thinking.
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| Carl Rogers | Brought forth the humanistic perspective to psychology, focused on a person’s inherent worth and ability.
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| B.F. Skinner | Experimented with pigeons to understand operant conditioning. Rewards can increase behavior and punishments can decrease behavior. Also believed that language is learned.
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| John Watson | Brought forth the behaviorist perspective and ran the “Little Albert” perspective. Also discovered stimulus generalization.
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| Wilhelm Wundt | Known as the father of psychology, he utilized introspection to study mental states.
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| Hermann Ebbinghaus | Known for the 'forgetting curve' which suggests that people tend to continually halve their memory of newly learned knowledge in a matter of days or weeks unless they actively review the learned material.
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| John Garcia | Found out that conditioned taste aversions develop after a specific food becomes associated with a negative reaction, such as nausea or vomiting.
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| Edward Tolman | Discovered latent learning and cognitive maps. Ran experiment with rats who were expected to go through a maze and those who had previously gone through the maze were quicker the second time.
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| Edward Thorndike | Created the law of effect which is when responses immediately followed by satisfaction are more likely to recur.
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| Noam Chomsky | Believed that we are born with language.
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| Mary Ainsworth | Studied attachment theory, which suggests that young children form bonds with their caregivers. Developed the strange situation theory.
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