Medical_Term_Cardio1
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| -cardia | condition of the heart
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| -emia | condition of the blood
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| -megaly | enlargement
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| -rrhage | bursting forth
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| -stenosis | abnormal narrowing
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| ACE Inhibitor | Drug that lowers BP by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) allowing increased blood flow
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| adenoid/o | adenoids
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| anemia | Blood lacks enough erythrocytes (RBC) or hemoglobin.
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| aneurysm | A sac-like dilatation of a blood vessel wall. It indicates a weak spot in the wall which may rupture.
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| angi/o | blood or lymph vessel
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| angina pectoris | Chest pain, pressure, or squeezing, often due to ischemia of the heart muscle.
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| angiography | An x-ray study of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.
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| angioplasty | Repair of a blood vessel such as widening a narrowed artery or vein. This procedure is normally performed using catheterization.
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| angiostenosis | Abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel.
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| anticoagulants | Agents that slow coagulation and prevent blood clotting.
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| aort/o | aorta
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| aorta | The main trunk of the systemic arteries originating at the heart's left ventricle.
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| aortic aneurysm | An abnormal balloon or sac-like dilatation in the aortic wall.
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| aortic coarctation | A congenital heart abnormality where the aorta is narrowed.
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| aortic stenosis | Narrowing of the aortic valve opening, reducing outflow from the left ventricle into the aorta.
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| aortic valve | The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta. It prevents back flow of blood into the left ventricle.
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| aortic valve regurgitation | Back flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle.
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| aplastic anemia | A condition in which bone marrow doesn't produce sufficient blood elements.
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| arrhythmia | Abnormal heartbeat rhythm.
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| arteri/o | artery
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| arterial blood gases | A test that measures the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide and acidity (pH) in the blood. Some blood gases devices make additional measurements available.
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| arteries | The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
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| arteriol/o | small artery
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| arteriosclerosis | Thickening and stiffening of arterial walls.
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| arteriostenosis | Narrowing of arterial walls.
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| asystole | Complete absence of cardiac output and electrical activity in the heart.
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| ather/o | plaque, soft fatty deposit
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| atheroma | A thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls due to plaque deposits. Also called atherosclerosis.
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| atherosclerosis | A thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls due to plaque deposits.
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| atri/o | atrium
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| atria | The upper chambers of the heart which receive blood flow from the body.
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| atrial fibrillation | Abnormal cardiac rhythm characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the atria. Increases risk of stroke and heart disease.
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| atrial flutter | A very rapid, irregular heart rhythm. A common form of tachyarrhythmia.
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| atrioventricular node | A small group of specialized muscle fibers located on the floor of the right atrium. It regulates electrical signals to the ventricles, preventing rapid conduction and ensuring that the atria have emptied.
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| bacterial endocarditis | Inflammation of the heart's lining or valves caused by bacteria in the bloodstream.
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| basophils | Granular leukocytes which stain blue-black with basic dyes. Active in inflammatory responses.
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| beta blocker | Drugs that slow heart rate and reduce pumping force. Used to treat high blood pressure, angina, heart failure, migraines.
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| blood | The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system. Whole blood in comprised of blood cells suspended in a liquid medium (plasma).
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| blood pressure | Pressure of the blood on the arteries, veins and chambers of the heart.
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| brady- | slow
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| bradycardia | Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by abnormally slow heart rate, usually below 50 beats per minute in adults.
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| bundle branch block | A type of heart block where the electrical signals to the ventricles are interrupted at the Bundle of HIS, preventing the simultaneous depolarization of the two ventricles.
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| bundle of His | Cells that conduct electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles.
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| calcium channel blockers | A class of drugs that inhibit calcium influx through cellular membranes. Used to reduce cardiac workload to treat hypertension or angina.
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| capillaries | The minute blood vessels that deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells. They connect the arterioles and venules.
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| cardi/o | heart
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| cardiac | Of or pertaining to the heart.
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| cardiac catheterization | A diagnostic procedure for creating an angiogram using a contrast agent. Also used for treating blocked arteries.
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| cardiology | The study of the heart, its physiology, and its functions.
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| cardiomegaly | An enlargement of the heart. Multiple causes.
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| cardiomyopathy | Disease of the heart muscle. Can be congenital, or acquired from infections, alcoholism, thyroid disease, toxic drugs.
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| cardiovascular system | The heart and the blood vessels by which blood is pumped and circulated through the body.
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| carditis | Inflammation of the heart. Three types are pericarditis (pericardium), myocarditis (heart muscle) and endocarditis (endocardium).
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| carotid arteries | The two major arteries of the neck that supply blood to the head; each artery has two branches, internal and external.
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| cholesterol | The principal sterol of the body. Contributes to cell structure and digestive bile. Helps produce vitamin D and some hormones.
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| congenital heart defect | An abnormality that is present at birth and can affect the structure and function of an infant's heart.
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| congestive heart failure | The heart isn't able to pump sufficient blood. Typical causes are coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity.
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| coron/o | encircle, crown
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| coronary artery | Supplies blood to the heart muscles from the aorta.
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| coronary artery bypass | Surgical procedure which uses a healthy blood vessel segment, such as a vein, to bypass a blocked section of a coronary artery.
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| coronary artery disease | Reduced blood flow through the coronary arteries, resulting in chest pain and heart damage.
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| coronary thrombosis | Coagulation of blood in the coronary arteries. Can lead to myocardial infarction.
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| coumadin | Medication to treat blood clots and prevent new clots from forming. Commonly used for chronic atrial fibrillation.
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| defibrillation | Use of an electronic device to give an electric shock to the heart to reestablish normal cardiac rhythm.
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| diastole | Part of the heart rhythm when the ventricles passively relax and refill with blood.
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| diastolic blood pressure | Atrial blood pressure during diastole when the heart is resting. The second number in a blood pressure reading.
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| digitalis | Medicines that strengthen heart contraction and to slow heart rates, particularly for atrial fibrillation.
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| diuretics | Medication that promote the excretion of urine, decreasing fluids in the blood vessels and reducing blood pressure. Also known as water pills.
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| ECG | electrocardiogram
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| ECHO | echocardiography
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| ectopic beats | Heartbeat electrical impulses generated from cardiac locations other than the SA node.
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| EKG | electrocardiogram
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| electrocardiogram | A recording of the electrical activity of the heart. Within each heartbeat, electrical waves travel through the heart. For a normally functioning heart, the P wave indicates atrial contraction, then after a short pause, the QRS complex indicates ventricul
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| embolism | A blood vessel blockage by a blood clot or other undissolved material in the bloodstream.
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| endarterectomy | A surgical procedure to remove the plaque material in the lining of an artery.
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| endarterial | Relating to the interior lining of the artery.
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| endocardi/o | endocardium (inner lining of the heart)
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| endocarditis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chamber and valves. Usually caused by bacterial infection.
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| endocardium | The innermost layer of the heart, consisting of endothelial cells.
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| eosinophils | A type of white blood cell. A granulocyte often increased with allergies and/or parasite infections.
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| epicardium | The inner layer of the pericardium, covering the heart.
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| erythr/o | red
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| erythrocyt/o | red blood cell
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| erythrocytes | Cells that contains hemoglobin and that can transport oxygen to body tissues. Commonly called red blood cells.
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| fibrinogen | A blood plasma protein produced by the liver. It is one of many coagulation factors responsible for normal blood clotting.
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| heart | The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.
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| hem/o | blood
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| hemangioma | A birthmark that commonly appears as a bright red nodule of blood vessels in the skin. Grows during the first year of life and then recedes over time. Also called a strawberry mark.
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| hemat/o | blood
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| hematology | The medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of blood diseases.
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| hemochromatosis | A disorder of iron metabolism where the body absorbs too much iron. Treatment is required to avoid organ damage. A genetic disorder. 8% of population is a carrier.
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| hemoglobins | The oxygen-carrying proteins of erythrocytes (red blood cells).
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| hemorrhage | Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. Bleeding can occur externally or internally to the body.
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| hemostasis | The complex body process which spontaneously stops hemorrhages. This includes vessel contraction and blood adhesion, aggregation and coagulation.
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| high density lipoprotein | Cholesterol known as HDL that removes harmful cholesterol, reducing risk of heart problems.
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| holter monitor | A device that continuously records EKGs for hours or a few days, used to diagnose abnormal cardiac rhythms.
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| hyperlipidemia | Conditions with excess lipids (fats) in the blood.
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| hypertension | Persistently high systemic arterial blood pressure.
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| hyponatremia | Insufficient sodium levels in the blood. Can be caused by loss of sodium or by increased and excessive body fluids.
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| hypoperfusion | Abnormally low blood flow through an organ.
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| hypotension | Abnormally low blood pressure that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other organs.
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| infarction | Tissue death due to lack of oxygen
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| ischemia | A hypoperfusion of blood through an organ or tissue caused by a obstruction of blood vessels.
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| ischemic heart disease | Recurring chest pain or discomfort when a part of the heart does not receive enough blood. Often triggered by exertion or excitement.
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