Medical_Term_Cardio2
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| leuk/o | white
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| leukemia | Cancer of the blood. The bone marrow then produces abnormal white blood cells which do not function properly.
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| low density lipoprotein | Cholesterol that collects on blood vessel walls, increasing risk of heart problems.
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| lymphocytes | White blood cells that help determine the body's immune response to infectious microorganisms.
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| megaloblastic anemia | A blood disorder in which the number of red blood cells is too low due to abnormally large red blood cell size. Can also be called vitamin B-12 or folate deficiency anemia.
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| megaloblasts | Red blood cell precursors that are abnormally large and dysfunctional. Found in patients with pernicious anemia.
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| mitral valve | The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart.
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| mitral valve prolapse | Abnormal protrusion of mitral valve leaflets in the left atria during systole. Results in blood backflow, which causes systolic murmurs, arrhythmia and mitral valve insufficiency.
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| mitral valve stenosis | Narrowing of the passage through the mitral value. Caused by fibrosis and calcinosis. Rheumatic fever is a primary cause.
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| monocytes | Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes. Monocytes help other white blood cells remove dead or damaged tissues, attack cancer cells and regulate immunity response. Produced in the bone marrow
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| myelodysplastic syndromes | A group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow fail to mature and become healthy.
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| myocardi/o | myocardium (heart muscle)
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| myocardial infarction | Partial death of heart tissue caused by an obstructed blood supply. Commonly called "heart attack".
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| myocardial ischemia | A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart.
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| myocarditis | Inflammation of the heart muscle. Caused by a wide range of infections and other problems.
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| myocardium | The heart muscle. Its contractions pump blood from heart to the lungs and systemic circulatory system.
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| neutrophils | A type of white blood cell that is an early responder to infections.
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| nitroglycerin | A vasodilator which relieves angina pectoris.
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| occlusion | The blockage of a blood vessel.
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| p wave | Marks atrial depolarization. In a normal EKG, it precedes the QRS complex.
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| palpation | Use of fingers with light pressure as part of a physical exam.
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| paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia | A very rapid heartbeat that occurs sporadically. Usually lasts from a few seconds to several hours.
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| pericardi/o | pericardium
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| pericardial effusion | Fluid accumulation within the pericardium. Severe cases can lead to cardiac tamponade.
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| pericardial fluid | Watery fluid produced in the serous and visceral pericardium surrounding the surface of the heart
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| pericardial friction rub | An extra heart sound that resembles squeaky leather. May be heard in pericarditis.
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| pericarditis | Inflammation of the pericardium, caused by infection, injury, or drugs.
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| pericardium | A thin layered sac enclosing the heart. Fluid between the layers lubricates the constantly moving surfaces.
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| pernicious anemia | Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia. A type of megaloblastic anemia.
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| phleb/o | vein
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| phlebitis | Inflammation of a vein, commonly a vein in the leg.
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| phlebography | An invasive imaging study of leg veins with a contrast agent injects using a catheter. Phlebography is the most accurate test for detecting deep vein thrombosis.
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| plaque | Fatty deposits formed on the walls of arteries.
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| plasma | The part of blood which is not blood cells. Blood plasma also contains glucose and other dissolved nutrients. It also helps blood clot.
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| platelets | Part of blood that help stop bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries.
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| polycythemia | Abnormal increase in the aggregate red cell mass of the blood.
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| presby/o | old age
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| pulmonary artery | The short wide vessel that moves blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
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| pulmonary circulation | The circulation of the blood to and through the lungs
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| pulmonary valve | The heart valve at the intersection of the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
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| pulmonary valve regurgitation | Back flow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricular due to a leaky pulmonary valve.
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| pulmonary valve stenosis | The pathologic narrowing of the pulmonary valve opening. Limits blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
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| pulmonary veins | The veins that return the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
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| purkinje fibers | Cardiac muscle fibers that conduct the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract.
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| purpur/o | purple
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| PVC | premature ventricular contraction
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| qrs complex | A segment of an EKG tracing representing ventricular depolarization.
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| restenosis | The recurrence of stenosis in an artery after previous treatment.
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| rh factor | A type of protein on the surface of red blood cells. Most people who have the Rh factor are Rh-positive. Those who do not have the Rh factor are Rh-negative.
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| rhythm/o | rhythm
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| sepsis | A serious medical condition caused by an overwhelming immune response to infection that triggers widespread inflammation. When sepsis is accompanied by hypotension despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called septic shock.
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| septicemia | A serious bacterial bloodstream infection. It’s also known as bacteremia, or blood poisoning.
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| ser/o | blood serum
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| serum | Blood plasma after the removal of clotting proteins.
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| sickle cell anemia | An inherited form of anemia where red blood cells become rigid, sticky and shaped like sickles. These irregularly shaped cells can get stuck in small blood vessels, which can slow or block blood flow to parts of the body.
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| sider/o | iron
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| sinoatrial block | The electrical impulse from the sinoatrial node is inhibited or completely blocked before it reaches the atrium.
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| sinoatrial node | The small mass of modified cardiac muscle fibers located in the upper part of the right atrium. Contraction impulses are generated at the SA node and spread over the atrium, then transmitted by the Bundle of HIS to the ventricles.
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| sphygmomanometer | Device for measuring arterial blood pressure. Includes an inflatable cuff, inflating bulb and a gauge showing the blood pressure.
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| stents | A small mesh tube used to treat narrow or weak arteries.
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| stroke | A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to brain ischemia or intracranial hemorrhages. It is both common and deadly.
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| sudden cardiac arrest | A sudden and unexpected cessation of cardiac function due to electrical malfunction. Reversible if immediately treated.
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| sudden cardiac death | Sudden, unexpected death caused by loss of cardiac function.
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| syncope | Fainting. Loss of consciousness due to diminished blood flow to the brain.
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| systemic circulation | The circulation of the blood to all parts of the body except the lungs.
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| systole | Period of heart contraction when blood is surging from the heart into the systemic circulatory system and the lungs.
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| systolic blood pressure | Arterial blood pressure during heart contraction. In blood pressure readings, it is the first number.
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| systolic murmurs | Heart murmurs which occur during systole. They are heard between the first and the second heart sounds.
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| t wave | The positive deflection after each QRS complex. It indicates ventricular repolarization.
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| tachy- | fast
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| tachycardia | Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually over 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by an irregular rhythm is called tachyarrhythmia.
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| thalassemia | An inherited blood disorder characterized by an abnormal form of hemoglobin.
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| thromb/o | blood clot
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| thrombocytes | Platelets. A blood component helps to stop bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries.
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| thrombocytopenia | A low level of blood platelets. Platelet count < 150,000/ml
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| thrombocytosis | High blood platelet count. Platelet count > 450,000/ml
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| thrombosis | The formation and development of a blood clot in a blood vessel.
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| tricuspid valve | The heart valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
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| tricuspid valve regurgitation | Back flow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
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| valsalva maneuver | Forced expiratory effort against a closed windpipe, impeding the return of venous blood to the heart.
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| valv/o | valve
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| varicose veins | Enlarged, twisted veins.
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| vas/o | vessel
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| vascular | Pertaining to blood vessels.
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| vasculitis | Inflammation of a blood vessel.
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| vasoconstrictor | Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.
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| vasodilator | Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
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| veins | The vessels carrying blood away from the capillary beds.
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| ven/o | vein
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| venae cavae | The two venous trunks which returns blood to the heart. Inferior venae cavae receives blood from the lower body while superior venae cavae returns blood from the upper body..
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| venous insufficiency | Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs.
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| ventricles | The two large heart chambers that receive blood from the atria and pump it out to the systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems.
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| ventricul/o | ventricle
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| ventricular fibrillation | The uncoordinated, rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in the ventricles. This ventricular quivering prevents cardiac output. Can results in unconsciousness and death if not immediately treated.
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| ventricular flutter | Rapid, unstable ventricular tachycardia (150-300 beats/min) with a large sine-wave appearance. If untreated, ventricular flutter typically progresses to ventricular fibrillation.
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| ventricular tachycardia | Fast but regular heart rhythm originating in the ventricles. Often caused by heart disease, but may also occur in young people. Some medications and nonprescription decongestants can trigger ventricular tachycardia.
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| venul/o | venule (small vein in lungs)
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