Research Methods 1
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| Operational definition | based on how concepts are measured
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| Conceptual definition | dictionary definition
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| Descriptive research | describe patterns
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| Correlational research | relationship between variables
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| Experimental research | cause and effect, IV and DV
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| Quasi-experimental research | cause and effect of naturally occurring events
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| Systematic empiricism | systematic observations, repeatable measurement procedures
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| Variability | measures differ from each other
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| Descriptive stats | summary
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| Inferential stats | draw conclusions
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| Variance | avg deviation from mean
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| Total variance | ignores group factors, includes all groups
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| Systematic variance | considers group factors, difference between groups
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| Error variance | doesn't consider group factors, includes only 1 group
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| Effect size | ability to make impact, proportion of variance that is systematic
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| Meta-analysis | study of studies (combines effect sizes)
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| Observational measures | overt behavior
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| Self-report measures | subject reports own behavior, uses interval scale
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| Physiological measures | physical response
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| Converging operations | combination of measures
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| Categorical data | labels
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| Nominal scale | categorical, categories
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| Ordinal scale | categorical, categories in order
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| Continuous data | numbers
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| Interval | continuous, numbers without 0
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| Ratio | continous, numbers with 0
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| Measurement error | due to unrelated factors; transient states, stable states, situational factors, measure characteristics, mistakes
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| Observed score | true score + measurement error
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| Transient states | temporary (anxiety)
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| Stable states | near-sightedness
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| Situational factors | environment (online exam)
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| Measure characteristics | multiple choice exam vs free response
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| Reliability | consistency of measurement; inter-observer, test-retest, interitem
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| Inter-observer | observer agreement on measure
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| Test-retest | independent measures similar
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| Inter-item | independent items measured similarly
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| Validity | instrument acurately measures what it intends to (BMI vs creativity not valid); criterion, concurrent, predictive
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| Criterion-related validity | ability to distinguish between individuals of different categories (depressed vs not depressed)
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| Concurrent validity | symptoms and diagnosis
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| Predictive validity | ability to accurately predict outcome`
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| Probability sample/simple random sample | participants have equal probability of being randomly chosen
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| Power | ability to detect effects
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| Stratified random sample | each strata randomly sampled
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Created by:
karadub03
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