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EPPP disorders study

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Term
Definition
Schizophreniform   show
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show presence of one or more of four characteristic symptoms for at least one day but less than one month, with at least one symptom being delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.  
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show illusions, which occur when “an actual external stimulus is misperceived or misinterpreted” . Vs hallucinations-perception like  
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show presence of an active phase - lasts at least one month and includes at least two of five characteristic symptoms, w at least one symptom being delusions, hallucinations, or disorgan speech. Must have signs ongoing at lst 6 months  
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show Parent6% Biological sib 9% Child of one parent w/ schizophrenia13% Dizygotic (fraternal) twin17% Child of two parents with schizophrenia46% Monozygotic (identical) twin 48%  
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Schizophrenia cause   show
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Comorbid w schizophrenia   show
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show psychotic symp of schizophrenia usually first appear betn the late teens and early 30s. peak age of onset being in the early- to mid-20s for males. late-20s for females. Psychotic sym often decrease w/increasing age, neg/cog symptoms persist  
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Schizophrenia prognosis   show
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show The SGA clozapine has been found to be the most effective antipsychotic for treatment-resistant schizophrenia  
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Schizoaffective   show
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show one or more delusions for a duration of at least 1 month and the person’s overall functg has not been markedly impaired except for any direct effects of the delusion. 5 types  
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A manic episode   show
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show increased activity or energy; and three or more symptoms of mania for at least four consecutive days. Symptoms are not severe enough to cause marked impairment in functioning or a need for hospitalization and do not include psychotic features.  
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show 5+ characteristic symptoms with at least one symptom being depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in most or all activities. Symptoms last for at least two weeks. Fxn impaired  
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show at least one manic episode that may or may not have been preceded or followed by one or more major depressive or hypomanic episodes  
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show at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode.  
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show requires numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods of depres symp that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode. The minimum duration of 1yr adults is 2 years kids  
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Bipolar links in brain   show
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show ADHD in adults is characterized by a labile, dysphoric mood; reduced self-esteem; distractibility due to wandering (but not acceleration) of thoughts; and fatigue and discomfort after a loss of sleep.  
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Treating bipolar   show
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Atypical bipolar treatment   show
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show requires five or more symptoms of a major depressive episode for at least two weeks with at least one symptom being depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in most or all activities  
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Persistent depressive disorder   show
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show for at least 12 months of severe /recurrent temper outbursts that are verbal and/or behavioral, grossly out of proportion to the situaor provocation, and occur 3+ times each week; and (b) a persistently irritable or angry mood that is observable daily  
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show when the onset of symptoms occurs during pregnancy or the 4 weeks after delivery. Up to 80% of women experience “baby blues” after the birth of their children, about 9% of pregnant women experience a major depressive episode between conception and birth  
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show just below 7% experience a major depressive episode between birth and 12 months postpartum. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy  
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show symptoms include hypersomnia, overeating, weight gain, and a craving for carbohydrates. It’s been linked to a lower-than-normal level of serotonin and a higher-than-normal level of melatonin  
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Gender and depression   show
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Depression neurotransmitter link   show
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show studies have found that depression is associated with abnormally high levels of activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and abnormally low levels of activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)  
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Lewinsohn’s (1974) social reinforcement theory   show
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Hopelessness theory-seligs learned helplessness   show
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show attributes depression to a negative cognitive triad that consists of negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future.  
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show ADHD involves a pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that has persisted for at least six months, had an onset before 12 years of age, is present in at least two settings  
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show the most prevalent diagnosed disorder among youth ages 3 to 17 years ). is two times more common in males than females during childhood, but the gender difference decreases somewhat in adulthood  
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show most studies have found oppositional defiant disorder to be the most common comorbid disorder followed by, in order, conduct disorder, an anxiety disorder, and a depressive disorder  
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ADHD in the brain   show
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ADHD concordance   show
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Drug research and adhd   show
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Tourette’s   show
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persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder   show
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Tic facts   show
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show has been linked to dopamine overactivity, a smaller-than-normal caudate nucleus, and heredity. Treatment may include an antipsychotic drug (e.g., haloperidol) and medication for comorbid conditions  
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Communication disorders   show
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Communication disorder prognosis   show
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show difficulties related to academic skills.presence of at least one of six symptoms that last for at least six months despite the use of interventions that address difficulties: read, write ,math 5-15% kids dyslexia #1  
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show individuals with this disorder ordinarily obtain a score that is two or more standard deviations below the population mean on a standardized intelligence test. A specifier is used mild, moderate, severe, or profound, based on adaptive functioning  
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show Cause known 25 -50% of all cases. Of known etiology- 80-85% prenatal factors ( chromosomal and other genetic causes), 5 to 10% perinatal (asphyxia), 5-10% postnatal. chromosomal -Down’s synd then fragile X synd. prevent prenatal cause fetal alc synd  
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show the presence of (a) deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts and (b) restrictive and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities. Early dev diagnosis  
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show prognosis is best when the person has an IQ over 70, functional language skills by age five, and an absence of comorbid mental health problems.  
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show from 1 to 2% of the population. It is diagnosed three to four times more often in males than in females. The etiology of ASD is unknown, but it is believed to be due to multiple genetic and non-genetic factors.  
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show 69 to 95%, while rates for dizygotic twins range from 0 to 24% (Ray, 2021). Non-genetic risk factors include male gender, birth before 26 weeks of gestation, advanced parental age, and exposure to certain environmental toxins during prenatal development  
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Autism biological research   show
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Reactive Attachment Disorder   show
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Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder:   show
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show symptoms must have lasted for more than one month, cause significant distress, exposure death. 4 areas: Intrusion, avoiding, mood, arousal.  
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PTSD brain biology   show
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show cognitive-behavior therapy, cognitive processing therapy,prolonged exposure, sari or snri Telepsych= face therapy  
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show or threatened death, severe injury, or sexual violation. The person must also have at least nine symptoms from any of five categories for 1 month to 3 days.  
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show death of a person close to the bereaved person (the patient) at least 12 months ago for adults and 6 months ago for children and adolescents, preoccupation, 3+/8 symptoms nearly every day for at least the previous month  
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show inability to recall important personal information, canbe trauma. localized (no recall all events during a period of time), selective (recall some events), general (lost memory entire life), systematized (loss specific category), continuous (new events).  
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show persistent or recurrent episodes of depersonalization (a sense of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer of one’s thoughts, actions) or derealization (a sense of unreality or detachment w one’s surroundings) accompanied by reality testing  
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show one or more somatic symptoms that are distressing, associated health concerns as indicated by the presence of at least one of the following: disproportionate or persistent thoughts about the seriousness of the symptoms. 6 months  
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Illness anxiety disorder   show
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Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (Conversion Disorder)   show
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show They present themselves to others as being ill or impaired and engage in the deception even when there’s no obvious external reward for doing so. Factitious disorder imposed on another has the same symptoms  
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Factitious and memory   show
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Malingering tests   show
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show a person seeks a medical evaluation for legal reasons, there’s a marked discrepancy between the person’s symptoms and objective findings, the person is uncooperative with evaluation or treatment, and antisocial personality disorder. Test pattern atypical  
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