Psychology Module 6
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| Neuron | A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system.
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| dendrite | The branching of a neuron that receive information and conduct impulses toward the cell body.
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| soma | The cell body of a neuron, which contains the nucleus and other parts that keep the cell healthy.
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| axon | The extension of a neuron through which neural impulses are sent
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| axon terminal | The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored.
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| action potential | A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron
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| refractory period | The "recharging phase" during which a neuron, after firing, cannot generate another action potential.
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| resting potential | The state of a neuron when it is at rest and capable of generating an action potential.
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| all-or-none principle | The principle stating that if a neuron fires, it always fires at the same intensity; all action potentials have the same strength.
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| synapse | The tiny, fluid-filled gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another.
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| neurotransmitter | A chemical messenger that travels across the synapse from one neuron to the next and influences whether a neuron will generate an action potential.
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| excitatory effect | A neurotransmitter effect that makes it more likely that the receiving neuron will generate an action potential or "fire"
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| inhibitory effect | A neurotransmitter effect that makes it less likely that a receiving neuron will generate an action potential or "fire"
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| receptor cells | Specialized cells in every sensory system of the body that an turn other kinds of energy into action potentials (neural impulses) that the brain can process.
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| sensory nerves | Nerves that can carry information from the sense receptors to the spinal cord and the brain
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| interneurons | Nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord responsible for processing information.
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| acetylcholine (ACh) | A neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction and affects learning and memory.
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| antagonist | A drug that blocks the effect of a neurotransmitter
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| agonist | Drug that boosts the effect of a neurotransmitter
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| dopamine | A neurotransmitter that affects learning, attention, and emotion.
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| serotonin | A neurotransmitter that affects hunger, sleep, arousal, and mood
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| motor nerves | Nerves that carry information away from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.
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| central nervous system (CNS) | The brain and the spinal cord
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| peripheral nervous system (PNS) | The sensory and motor nerves that connect the brain and the spinal cord to the rest of the body.
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| somatic nervous system | The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles.
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| autonomic nervous system | The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs. Its subdivisions are the sympathetic (arousing) division and the parasympathetic (calming) division
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| sympathetic division | The part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body to deal with the perceived threat
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| parasympathetic division | The part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body
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| endocrine system | One of the body's two communication systems, a set of glands that produce hormones, chemical messengers that circulate in the blood
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| hormone | A chemical messenger produced by the endocrine glands and circulated in the blood.
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| pituitary gland | The endocrine system's "master gland" that, in conjunction with the brain controls the other endocrine glands
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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