ANSC 1000 Exam #4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Roughage | show 🗑
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| show | cereal grains: corn, what, oats, barley. oil meals: soybean, cottonseed, whey. Higher in energy and/or protein. Low in fiber, high in digestibility (80-90%), A LOT MORE EXPENSIVE
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| show | feed components that support life
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| What animals need daily to live | show 🗑
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| show | water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals, vitamins
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| show | most important single nutrient! usually refers to drinking water
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| show | the water content of feed
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| Dry Matter | show 🗑
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| Importance of water | show 🗑
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| show | composed of carbon + hydrogen + oxygen. Primary source of readily avaliable energy
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| show | Starches, like cereal grains and sugars. Easy to digest!
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| show | Cellulose, like in plant cell walls. Harder to digest. rumen microbes digest this and make it part of their body, and cows can then digest the microbes
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| show | Fats. 2.25x more energy that carbohydrates per unit weight. Made of a 3 carbon backbone called glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains attached
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| show | refers to H+ bonding to carbon atoms
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| Unsaturated Fat | show 🗑
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| Essential Fatty Acids | show 🗑
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| Importance of Fats | show 🗑
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| Proteins | show 🗑
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| show | tissue growth and repair, transport binding proteins, regulation of hormones and hormone receptors
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| show | inorgainc elements (no carbon bonds to break by burning). It is the ask that's left after burning.
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| show | needed in relatively large amounts. Calcium, Phosphorus, Chlorine, Sodium, and Potassium, Magnesium, and Sulfur
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| show | needed for cell function, bone strength, and lactation
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| Phosphorus | show 🗑
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| Chlorine, Sodium, and Potassium | show 🗑
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| show | for cell physiology
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| show | for protein structure
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| Micro minerals | show 🗑
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| show | "Vital Amines", first discovered in the Dairy Science department at U Wisconsin.
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| Vitamin A | show 🗑
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| show | Fat Soluble Vitamin. Bone growth and repair with Calcium. Deficiency in vitamin D is called rickets. Can get through sun exposure!
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| Vitamin E | show 🗑
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| Vitamin K | show 🗑
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| show | Water Soluble Vitamin. Deficiency in this is called Scurvy: resulting in spongy gums and loose teeth
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| Vitamin B1 | show 🗑
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| Niacin | show 🗑
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| show | Water soluble. Deficiency in this is called Pernicious anemia: small red blood cells
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| Digestibility | show 🗑
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| show | In feed- in feces/in feed x 100 = % digested
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| show | energy is stored in C-C bonds of CHO's, fats, and proteins. Oxidation of carbon bonds releases energy
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| Chemical energy | show 🗑
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| show | older method for determining energy values. Expressed in units of weight, does not reflect the amount of useable chemical energy
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| Net Energy System (NE) | show 🗑
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| Maintenance Energy (NEm) | show 🗑
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| show | Used for Growth (NEg), Lactation (NEl), Fat Deposition, Reproduction, and Hair/wool growth
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| show | Tooth loss, Scurvy
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| show | Total Digestible Nutrients
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| show | NONE OF THE ABOVE
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| show | esophagus --> abomasum --> duodenum --> colon
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| Production of ova is an example of an ovary's: | show 🗑
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| which stage of follicular development represents a mature, dominant follicle ready to ovulate? | show 🗑
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| As described in class, where in the female reproductive tract does fertilization occur? | show 🗑
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| show | Vagina
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| in regard to cyclicity in females, what structure produces and released GnRH? | show 🗑
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| show | Horses
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| show | Propionic acid and Butyric acid
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| show | PGF(alpha 2)
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| show | testosterone
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| show | It is a feed that is heated or has a special crust on it to help it go straight to the abomasum, without the microorganisms touching it. It allows the animal to get nutrients that it would not get from normal feed.
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| show | the large intestine is for water absorbption and compacting the feces. if the water is not absorbed the animal will get diharrea
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| show | eat meat, mostly monogastrics
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| Herbivores | show 🗑
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| show | eat both plants and meat, mostly monogastric
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| show | breakdown of food molecules to small enough molecules to cross across the membrane of the gut
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| Pepsin | show 🗑
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| show | 4 distinct compartments: Reticulum, Rumen, Omasum, Abomasum
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| show | Where feed first arrives from esophagus, honeycomb appearance. Where injested hardware will remain
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| Rumen | show 🗑
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| show | Butyric Acid (C4), Proplonic acid (C3), Acetic Acid (C2)
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| Belching | show 🗑
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| show | caused by not belching in ruminants. Can restrict breathing and cause death.
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| Papillae | show 🗑
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| Omasum | show 🗑
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| Abomasum | show 🗑
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| Small Intestine | show 🗑
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| Duodenum | show 🗑
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| Jejunum and Ileum | show 🗑
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| show | one way valve that doesn't allow bacteria from the colon to back flow into the small intestine
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| show | metabolizes useful substances and detoxifies harmful substances
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| show | water reabsorption, and some nutrient absorption
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| show | final straight segment of colon, formation of feces and timing of defecation
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| Ovary | show 🗑
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| Primary Follicle | show 🗑
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| Secondary follicles | show 🗑
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| show | visible to naked eye, fluid filled antrum
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| Graafian follicle | show 🗑
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| Corpus hermorrhagicum | show 🗑
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| Corpus Lutem | show 🗑
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| show | white body, consists of the cellular remnants when the corpus luteum reduces
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| show | the 1st half of the oviduct. cilliated cells move ova towards the uterus
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| Isthmus | show 🗑
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| show | AIJ, middle segment of oviduct. Site of fertilization
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| Uterotubal Junction | show 🗑
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| show | made of fibrous tissue, 1st degree barrier protecting the uterus. Landmark for A.I. Gelatinous plug forms during pregnancy for protection. DIlates during parturition
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| Vagina | show 🗑
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| Vuvla | show 🗑
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| show | developmental rudiment of penis. Highly innervated, neuroendocrine response.
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| show | the desire or willingness to mate
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| Reproduction involves | show 🗑
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| Hypothalamus produces | show 🗑
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| show | Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
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| Posterior Pituitary produces | show 🗑
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| show | Estrogen
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| show | Progesterone, Relaxin, and Oxytocin
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| show | Prostaglanding F2 alpha
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| The Embryo produces | show 🗑
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| show | induced estrous behavior, prepares uterus for mating, sperm transport, and stimulates surge of GnRH
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| show | initiates ovulation, and the conversion of follicle into a Corpus Lutem
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| Function of Progesterone | show 🗑
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| show | regresses corpus luteum, progesterone declines, and the estrous cycles begins again
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| If pregnant | show 🗑
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| show | 21 days
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| show | 21 days
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| Length of Estrous Cycles in Ewe | show 🗑
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| Length of Estrous Cycle in Mare | show 🗑
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| show | 18 hours
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| Duration of Estrous in Sow | show 🗑
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| Duration of Estrous in Ewe | show 🗑
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| Duration of Estrous in MAre | show 🗑
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| show | 285 days
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| Gestation length of Sow | show 🗑
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| Gestation length of Ewe | show 🗑
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| show | 340
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| show | many cycles
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| show | Testicle. Outside of body proper, important for temperature regulation.
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| show | produce male gamets (sperm)
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| show | produce testosterone, give masculine appearance, mating behavior, and steroid binding protein
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| Castration | show 🗑
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| Vasectomy | show 🗑
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| Seminiferous Tubules | show 🗑
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| show | nurture developing sperm cells.
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| Head of Epididymus | show 🗑
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| Body of Epididymus | show 🗑
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| show | sperm storage
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| Uterine Milke | show 🗑
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| show | day 14-21
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| Caruncle | show 🗑
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| show | Placentome
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| show | place of nutrient and gas exchange associated with the baby
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| show | up until major organ formation is complete
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| show | once all major organs are in place, approximately day 45 in cattle.
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| Uterine Prolapse | show 🗑
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| show | the most common problem is that the calf is too large for the cows pelvic opening. Mal-presentation is also a problem
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| Estrous Synchronization | show 🗑
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| show | condition of having borne some offspring
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| Nulliparous | show 🗑
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| show | never experienced sexual intercourse
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| show | given birth once
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| show | given birth multiple times
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| show | not pregnant
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| show | incapable of producing offspring
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| Gravid | show 🗑
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| show | No, or minimal follicular activity. NSS: no significant structures. Ovaries appear pre-puberal. Not receiving or responding to pituitary FSH/LH. Can try progestin synchronizing agents to dam up and then jumpstart the ovaries. Usually animal is culled
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| Ovarian Adhesions | show 🗑
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| show | sensation of pain at ovulation
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| show | follicle falls to ovulate, and is trapped. It continues to grow past ovulatory size, granulose continues to produce estrogen. This results in nymphomania. May or may not respond to GnRH treatment. Can try removing problem ovary
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| show | lack of hormonal tone or strength
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| Uterine inertia | show 🗑
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| endometritis/metritis | show 🗑
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| pyometritis | show 🗑
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| show | abortion is early pregnancy
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| viriosis | show 🗑
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| show | more common with cotyledonary placentation. leave it alone
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| show | vulvular tissue can tear during foaling if the foal is too large
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| show | suture vulva closed to repair episiotomy or prevent "wihascuking"
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| Left Displaced Abomasum (LDA) | show 🗑
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| show | water retention in interstitial tissues of udder, more arterial blood flowing
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