Hearing
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| frequency (wavelength) | Pitch
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| Low frequency | = Low pitch
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| High frequency | = High pitch
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| Amplitude (height) | Volume
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| Low amplitude | = Quiet
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| High amplitude | = Loud
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| Auditory Canal (The Outer Ear) | funnels sound waves from the pinna to the tympanic membrane (ear drum)
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| Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum) (The Middle Ear) | thin layer of tissue that vibrates in response to sound waves.
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| Ossicles ( The Middle Ear) | 3 bones of the middle ear: the incus, the malleus and the stapes/ transfer the sound wave from the eardrum to the oval window
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| Oval Window ( The Inner Ear) | opening of the cochlea. / vibrates when it receives the sound waves and causes the fluid inside the cochlea to move.
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| Cochlea (The Inner Ear) | Coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube containing semicircular canals/ Fluid vibrations trigger nerve impulses
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| Basilar Membrane (The Inner Ear) | Overlays the cochlea/ Ripples cause hair cells (cilia) to vibrate/ This is where transduction occurs!
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| Auditory Nerve ( The Inner Ear) | Carries neural impulses to thalamus→temporal lobe
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| Sensorineural (Hearing Loss) | Damage to the cochlea’s hair cell receptors or the auditory nerve / people may hear sound but have trouble discerning what someone is saying.
Conduction
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| (Hearing Loss) | Damage to the mechanical system- eardrum and middle ear bones/ Less common
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| Frequency Theory | Basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with the pitch (wavelength)
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| Place Theory | Each area along the basilar membrane is tuned to a specific frequency of a sound wave
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